Music

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General

to sort

still a big mess

See also a lot of Audio, Lighting#Visualisation





  • Gnoosic - Discover new Music. A self-adapting system that learns about the outer world by asking its visitors what they like and what they don't like. In this instance of Gnod all is about music. Gnod is kind of a search engine for music you don't know about. It will ask you what music you like and then think about what you might like too. When I set Gnod online its database was completely empty. Now it contains thousands of bands and quite some knowledge about who likes what. And Gnod learns more every day.


Psychology

Theory / analysis

mixed up


  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_theory - the study of the practices and possibilities of music. It is derived from observation of, and involves hypothetical speculation about how musicians and composers make music. The term also describes the academic study and analysis of fundamental elements of music such as pitch, rhythm, harmony, and form, and refers to descriptions, concepts, or beliefs related to music. Because of the ever-expanding conception of what constitutes music (see Definition of music), a more inclusive definition could be that music theory is the consideration of any sonic phenomena, including silence, as it relates to music.



  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musicology - the scholarly analysis and research-based study of music. Musicology is part of the humanities. A scholar who participates in musical research is a musicologist.

Traditionally, historical musicology (commonly termed "music history") has been the most prominent sub-discipline of musicology. In the 2010s, historical musicology is one of several large musicology sub-disciplines. Historical musicology, ethnomusicology, and systematic musicology are approximately equal in size. Ethnomusicology is the study of music in its cultural context. Systematic musicology includes music acoustics, the science and technology of acoustical musical instruments, and the musical implications of physiology, psychology, sociology, philosophy and computing. Cognitive musicology is the set of phenomena surrounding the computational modeling of music. In some countries, music education is a prominent sub-field of musicology, while in others it is regarded as a distinct academic field, or one more closely affiliated with teacher education, educational research, and related fields. Like music education, music therapy is a specialized form of applied musicology which is sometimes considered more closely affiliated with health fields, and other times regarded as part of musicology proper.


YouTube channels:









  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timbre - also known as tone color or tone quality from psychoacoustics) is the perceived sound quality of a musical note, sound, or tone that distinguishes different types of sound production, such as choir voices and musical instruments, such as string instruments, wind instruments, and percussion instruments, and which enables listeners to hear even different instruments from the same category as different (e.g. a viola and a violin).

The physical characteristics of sound that determine the perception of timbre include spectrum and envelope. Singers and instrumental musicians can change the timbre of the music they are singing/playing by using different singing or playing techniques. For example, a violinist can use different bowing styles or play on different parts of the string to obtain different timbres (e.g., playing sul tasto produces a light, airy timbre, whereas playing sul ponticello produces a harsh, even an aggressive tone). On electric guitar and electric piano, performers can change the timbre using effects units and graphic equalizers.

In simple terms, timbre is what makes a particular musical sound have a different sound from another, even when they have the same pitch and loudness. For instance, it is the difference in sound between a guitar and a piano playing the same note at the same volume. Both instruments can sound equally tuned in relation to each other as they play the same note, and while playing at the same amplitude level each instrument will still sound distinctively with its own unique tone color. Experienced musicians are able to distinguish between different instruments of the same type based on their varied timbres, even if those instruments are playing notes at the same pitch and loudness.




  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_resonance - occurs on string instruments. Strings or parts of strings may resonate at their fundamental or overtone frequencies when other strings are sounded. For example, an A string at 440 Hz will cause an E string at 330 Hz to resonate, because they share an overtone of 1320 Hz (3rd overtone of A and 4th overtone of E).Electric guitars can have string trees near the tuning pegs to mute this type of reverberation. The string length behind the bridge also must be as short as possible to prevent the resonance. String resonance is a factor in the timbre of a string instrument. Tailed bridge guitars like the Fender Jaguar differ in timbre from guitars with short bridges, because of their (extended) floating bridge. The Japanese Koto is also an example of an instrument with occurring string resonance.


  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sympathetic_string - or resonance strings are auxiliary strings found on many Indian musical instruments, as well as some Western Baroque instruments and a variety of folk instruments. They are typically not played directly by the performer (except occasionally as an effect), only indirectly through the tones that are played on the main strings, based on the principle of sympathetic resonance. The resonance is most often heard when the fundamental frequency of the string is in unison or an octave lower or higher than the catalyst note, although it can occur for other intervals, such as a fifth, with less effect.









  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interval_(music) - the difference between two pitches. An interval may be described as horizontal, linear, or melodic if it refers to successively sounding tones, such as two adjacent pitches in a melody, and vertical or harmonic if it pertains to simultaneously sounding tones, such as in a chord.

In Western music, intervals are most commonly differences between notes of a diatonic scale. The smallest of these intervals is a semitone. Intervals smaller than a semitone are called microtones. They can be formed using the notes of various kinds of non-diatonic scales. Some of the very smallest ones are called commas, and describe small discrepancies, observed in some tuning systems, between enharmonically equivalent notes such as C♯ and D♭. Intervals can be arbitrarily small, and even imperceptible to the human ear.

In physical terms, an interval is the ratio between two sonic frequencies. For example, any two notes an octave apart have a frequency ratio of 2:1. This means that successive increments of pitch by the same interval result in an exponential increase of frequency, even though the human ear perceives this as a linear increase in pitch. For this reason, intervals are often measured in cents, a unit derived from the logarithm of the frequency ratio.


  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cent_(music) - a logarithmic unit of measure used for musical intervals. Twelve-tone equal temperament divides the octave into 12 semitones of 100 cents each. Typically, cents are used to express small intervals, or to compare the sizes of comparable intervals in different tuning systems, and in fact the interval of one cent is too small to be heard between successive notes.

Alexander J. Ellis based the measure on the acoustic logarithms decimal semitone system developed by Gaspard de Prony in the 1830s, at Robert Holford Macdowell Bosanquet's suggestion. Ellis made extensive measurements of musical instruments from around the world, using cents extensively to report and compare the scales employed, and further described and employed the system in his 1875 edition of Hermann von Helmholtz's On the Sensations of Tone. It has become the standard method of representing and comparing musical pitches and intervals.




  • Spectral Discord DisMAL - The Dissonance Modeling and Analysis Library (DisMAL) is an open-source (GPLv3) C++ library for modeling musical dissonance. With its modular api, you can quickly interchange dissonance models, timbres, and preprocessors. This makes it easy to compare differences in the dissonance of timbres and scales as well as the underlying psychoacoustic models themselves.




  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interval_ratio - a ratio of the frequencies of the pitches in a musical interval. For example, a just perfect fifth (for example C to G) is 3:2 , 1.5, and may be approximated by an equal tempered perfect fifth which is 27/12 (about 1.498). If the A above middle C is 440 Hz, the perfect fifth above it would be E, at (440*1.5=) 660 Hz, while the equal tempered E5 is 659.255 Hz.


  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonic_(music) - the first scale degree of a diatonic scale and the tonal center or final resolution tone that is commonly used in the final cadence in tonal (musical key-based) Classical music, popular music and traditional music. The triad formed on the tonic note, the tonic chord, is thus the most significant chord in these styles of music. More generally, the tonic is the pitch upon which all other pitches of a piece are hierarchically referenced. Scales are named after their tonics, thus the tonic of the scale of C is the note C. Simple folk music and traditional songs may begin and end on the tonic note.


  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degree_(music) - refers to the position of a particular note on a scale relative to the tonic, the the first and main note of the scale from which each octave is assumed to begin. The term is useful for indicating the size of intervals and chords, and whether they are major or minor.

Scale degrees can be applied to any musical scale; however, the concept is most commonly applied to scales in which a tonic is specified by definition, such as the 7-tone diatonic scales (e.g. the C-major scale C–D–E–F–G–A–B, in which C is the tonic). It is possible to assign a scale degree to the 12-tone chromatic scale, but this of no effect as all note have the same importance in that scale, as is its intended purpose. The expression scale step is sometimes used synonymously with scale degree, but it may alternatively refer to the distance between between two successive scale degrees (see Steps and skips). The terms whole step and half step are commonly used as interval names. The number of scale degrees and the distance between them together define the scale they are in.



  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octave_species - a sequence of incomposite intervals (ditones, minor thirds, whole tones, semitones of various sizes, or quarter tones) making up a complete octave (Barbera 1984, 231–32). The concept was also important in Medieval and Renaissance music theory.



  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_pitch_notation - or SPN, also known as American standard pitch notation (ASPN) and international pitch notation (IPN), is a method of specifying musical pitch by combining a musical note name (with accidental if needed) and a number identifying the pitch's octave.Although scientific pitch notation was originally designed as a companion to scientific pitch , the two are not synonymous. Scientific pitch is a pitch standard—a system that defines the specific frequencies of particular pitches (see below). Scientific pitch notation concerns only how pitch names are notated, that is, how they are designated in printed and written text, and does not inherently specify actual frequencies. Thus, the use of scientific pitch notation to distinguish octaves does not depend on the pitch standard used.



  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominant_(music) - the fifth scale degree of the diatonic scale, called "dominant" because it is next in importance to the tonic, and a dominant chord is any chord built upon that pitch, using the notes of the same diatonic scale. The dominant is sung as so in solfege. The dominant function (diatonic function) has the role of creating instability that requires the tonic for resolution.






  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octatonic_scale - any eight-note musical scale. The scale most often meant by this term is one in which the notes ascend in alternating intervals of a whole step and a half step, creating a symmetric scale.



  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatic_scale - a musical scale with twelve pitches, each a semitone above or below another. On a modern piano or other equal-tempered instrument, all the semitones have the same size (100 cents). In other words, the notes of an equal-tempered chromatic scale are equally spaced. An equal-tempered chromatic scale is a nondiatonic scale having no tonic because of the symmetry of its equally spaced notes.






  • Open Key Notation - For centuries people have used the Circle of Fifths to figure out what chords and keys go well with each other. All it really is, is a simple clocklike schema that has key names instead of numbers. Adjacent key names usually sound great together. Also, the minor and the major key at the same position typically work well together.But because not everybody knows that G major follows C major in the circle, beaTunes, just like a clock, also displays an alternative, numeric notation—the Open Key Notation (OK-Notation).Open Key Notation[extra large printable version] [small version]In the Open Key Notation, a key X typically harmonizes with itself and the keys X±1 (with 0=12 and 1=13). Additionally, every key can be in a mode, i.e. major or minor. This is denoted by a d for Dur (major) and an m for Moll (minor). As long as the number stays the same, you can switch between d and m.
  • Camelot Wheel - a color-coded system that helps you figure out which keys are compatible. Each key is assigned a code number from one to twelve, like the hours around a clock. The wheel is visually designed to help you learn harmonic mixing.


  • YouTube: New Horizons in Music: Polyrhythms - For this episode of his series New Horizons in Music – filmed live at Ableton Loop 2017 – bassist, composer and music educator Adam Neely discovers that literally everything is rhythm as he investigates the connections between synaesthesia, the Harmony of the Spheres, Isaac Newton, pitch and polyrhythms.


  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagorean_tuning - a system of musical tuning in which the frequency ratios of all intervals are based on the ratio 3:2. This ratio, also known as the "pure" perfect fifth, is chosen because it is one of the most consonant and easiest to tune by ear and because of importance attributed to the integer 3. As Novalis put it, "The musical proportions seem to me to be particularly correct natural proportions." Alternatively, it can be described as the tuning of the syntonic temperament in which the generator is the ratio 3:2 (i.e., the untempered perfect fifth), which is 702 cents wide











kind of blue, miles davis







  • Guitar Dashboard - An interactive music theory dashboard, including a circle of fifths for guitarists. [7] [8]
  • JGuitar - a set of useful tools for players of stringed instruments. JGuitar's powerful chord and scale calculators replace traditional chord and scale dictionaries by providing dynamic calculation which works for any stringed instrument in any tuning. Users can alter the tunings of the instruments and even the instruments themselves. In fact, JGuitar was designed to work with any number of strings or frets.


  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_(chord) - or chord factor is a member or component of a chord. These are named root, third, fifth, sixth, seventh, ninth, eleventh, thirteenth, and so on, for their generic interval above the root. In harmony, the consonance and dissonance of a chord factor and a nonchord tone are distinguished, respectively.












  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemannian_theory - efers to the musical theories of German theorist Hugo Riemann (1849–1919). His theoretical writings cover many topics, including musical logic, notation, harmony, melody, phraseology, the history of music theory, etc. More particularly, the term Riemannian theory often refers to his theory of harmony, characterized mainly by its dualism and by a concept of harmonic functions.
  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Riemannian_theory - a loose collection of ideas present in the writings of music theorists such as David Lewin, Brian Hyer, Richard Cohn, and Henry Klumpenhouwer. What binds these ideas is a central commitment to relating harmonies directly to each other, without necessary reference to a tonic. Initially, those harmonies were major and minor triads; subsequently, neo-Riemannian theory was extended to standard dissonant sonorities as well. Harmonic proximity is characteristically gauged by efficiency of voice leading. Thus, C major and E minor triads are close by virtue of requiring only a single semitonal shift to move from one to the other. Motion between proximate harmonies is described by simple transformations. For example, motion between a C major and E minor triad, in either direction, is executed by an "L" transformation.






  • Maqam World - a non-commercial, educational web site dedicated to helping musicians understand the maqam or modal system used in classical Arabic music. Maqam World attempts to simplify the subject for the Arabic music beginner, while trying hard to remain correct and not exclude any essential information. As this is a very rich subject, this web site is a work in progress which relies on the contribution of musicians and the feedback of its reader community.




  • Harmony Explained: Progress Towards A Scientific Theory of Music - The Major Scale, The Standard Chord Dictionary, and The Difference of Feeling Between The Major and Minor Triads Explained from the First Principles of Physics and Computation; The Theory of Helmholtz Shown To Be Incomplete and The Theory of Terhardt and Some Others Considered


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Training

ABCMusiEX

  • ABCMusiEX - ABC Music Sight Reading Exercises Generator is a simple open software useful to create music score sight reading exercises. Download and install this software. Create your exercises. Print your musical scores. Start practicing with your instrument: R

Toned Ear

EarToner

  • EarToner - ear training software to help you learn to identify various musical sounds such as intervals, chords, scales and whether two notes are in tune with each other. It is designed to be easy to use and quick to setup. I originally wrote a rough version for myself just for identifying intervals. When I mentioned it to other musical friends they were very interested in using it also. I thought I would just formalize it a little more and release it for free on the internet to whoever wants to use it.


LenMus Phonascus

  • LenMus Phonascus - a free open source program (GPL v3) for learning music. It allows you to focus on specific skills and exercises, on both theory and aural training. The different activities can be customized to meet your needs.

Melissa

Instruments

See also Drumming#Other

Singing

  • Canta is a software that helps you develop your vocal talents. It will give you singing lessons while you have fun singing your favorite songs.


Wind

Pick instrument with suitable note and octave range and/or texture and learn it. At some point.



Harmonica

String


Guitar





Harpejji

Piano



  • Harmopark - a browser-based music tool that can be used for different purposes, ranging from visually grasping harmony concepts to playing around with chord progressions.




  • Synthesia - Whether you've always wanted to learn or already have some experience, you've just found a fun new way to practice. Join the millions using Synthesia.
  • https://github.com/linthesia/linthesia - a fork of the Windows/Mac game called Synthesia. It is a game of playing music using a MIDI keyboard (or your PC keyboard), following a .mid file. Synthesia up to version 0.6.1a is Open Source. This project uses the latest source from sourceforge.


  • Piano Booster - a free (Open Source) program that plays Standard Midi Files and allows you to change the speed of playback and transpose the music etc. There is a scrolling musical stave that shows the notes for just one part from all the parts in the complete musical arrangement.


  • KDE Minuet - Music education Free Software, thoughtfully designed to push your musical skills to the next level. Enhance your ability to recognize intervals, chords, rhythms, and scales while enjoying all the power of Free Software.

Electronic




Theremin

  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theremin - an electronic musical instrument controlled without physical contact by the thereminist (performer). It is named after its inventor, Léon Theremin (Лев Термен), who patented the device in 1928.The instrument's controlling section usually consists of two metal antennas that sense the relative position of the thereminist's hands and control oscillators for frequency with one hand, and amplitude (volume) with the other. The electric signals from the theremin are amplified and sent to a loudspeaker.



Music box

Collaborative

Labels



Performance


Director Musices

  • Director Musices - a rule system for music performance. The point of this system is to take a musical score and make it sound like a real person is playing. This is accomplished by applying a set of relatively simple rules. Director Musices for Java, glued together with Clojure and armed bear Common Lisp.


Overtone

  • Overtone Music Network - a free multifunctional portal and platform for overtone music and for all who enjoy this kind of overtone music. It is for all who are interested in the magic of harmonic, diphonic and overtone music.


OpenSong

  • OpenSong - a free, open-source software application created to manage lyrics, chords, lead sheets, overheads, computer projection, and more.

Business

Free

  • cchound - A curation of CC licensed music from various artists and genres for you to use, however you like, in your creative projects. Updated daily! [21]
  • IMSLP - stands for the International Music Score Library Project and was started in 2006. The logo on the main page is a capital letter A. It was taken from the beginning of the very first printed book of music, the Harmonice Musices Odhecaton. It was published in Venice in 1501 by Ottaviano Petrucci, the library's namesake.




Software

See also Audio#Visualisation

  • Music21 is a set of tools for helping scholars and other active listeners answer questions about music quickly and simply. If you’ve ever asked yourself a question like, “I wonder how often Bach does that” or “I wish I knew which band was the first to use these chords in this order,” or “I’ll bet we’d know more about Renaissance counterpoint (or Indian ragas or post-tonal pitch structures or the form of minuets) if I could write a program to automatically write more of them,” then music21 can help you with your work.


Lyrics

Karaoke

BlitzLoop

  • BlitzLoop - an open source karaoke system inspired by Japanese karaoke machines. It uses a custom song format and supports multiple lyrics display styles, background videos, real-time audio stretching and pitch shifting, and also handles microphone echo. It is written in Python and Cython and uses OpenGL graphics on the host box, while the UI is remotely accessed through a web browser (e.g. running on a tablet).


UltraStar Deluxe

  • UltraStar Deluxe - a free open source karaoke game for your PC. The gameplay experience is similar to that of the commercial product SingStar™ by Sony Computer Entertainment, which is exclusively available for the Playstation®.Unlike SingStar™, however, UltraStar Deluxe allows users to create their own songs and sing them on their PC.

Vocaluxe

  • Vocaluxe - a free and open source singing game, inspired by SingStar™ and the great Ultrastar Deluxe project. It allows up to six players to sing along with music using microphones in order to score points, depending on the pitch of the voice and the rhythm of singing.

EUTERPE

  • https://github.com/tachi-hi/euterpe - an automatic audio-to-audio karaoke generation system. It converts an ordinary music signal into a karaoke (vocal-off) in real time. it can also convert the key of the song.

Services



MiR



Therapy


to sort

what the heck is goin on? fire two blasts. woah. what the heck is goin on? americans could be killed, by a shotgun, by a drone, by a flame thrower, in your home, by the nsa, calm down, absurd, americans could be killed, by a left wing website


  • setlist.fm - a free wiki-like service to collect and share setlists.
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