Server
General
See also Computer, *nix, Distros, Stack, Virtualisation, Network, Web systems etc.
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colocation_centre - also spelled co-location, or colo) or "carrier hotel", is a type of data centre where equipment, space, and bandwidth are available for rental to retail customers. Colocation facilities provide space, power, cooling, and physical security for the server, storage, and networking equipment of other firms—and connect them to a variety of telecommunications and network service providers—with a minimum of cost and complexity.
- http://namingschemes.com - A good naming scheme is scalable, unique, and easy to remember. The purpose of these naming schemes is to name networked servers, wireless access points or client computers, but it can also be used to name projects, products, variables, streets, pets, kids, or any other project where unique names and rememberable names are required. By the way, if you are actually going to use one of these themes, be sure to read RFC 1178 and RFC 2100. [2]
- Tweaked.io - This site is dedicated to information relating to tweaking, tuning, and optimizing your server-software. Steve Kemp.
System administration
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_administrator - or sysadmin, is a person who is responsible for the upkeep, configuration, and reliable operation of computer systems; especially multi-user computers, such as servers. The system administrator seeks to ensure that the uptime, performance, resources, and security of the computers he or she manages meet the needs of the users, without exceeding a set budget when doing so. To meet these needs, a system administrator may acquire, install, or upgrade computer components and software; provide routine automation; maintain security policies; troubleshoot; train or supervise staff; or offer technical support for projects.
history history info | awk '{CMD[$2]++;count++;}END { for (a in CMD)print CMD[a] " " CMD[a]/count*100 "% " a;}' | grep -v "./" | column -c3 -s w last -a uname -a grep -H /etc/*release /proc/version df -h free -m who id netstat -tlpnu iptables -nvxL ss -s top ps auxf dmesg |less ls -lR /etc/cron* tail /var/log/* cat /proc/cpuinfo lsblk -io KNAME,TYPE,SIZE,MODEL findmnt env
Services
See also *nix#init, Network#Services
sudo /etc/init.d/<service> restart SysV sudo systemctl restart <service> Systemd
Logging
Basics
- Linux log files location and how do I view logs files? - Jul 17, 2006
- 20 Linux Log Files that are Located under /var/log Directory - Aug 1, 2011
logrotate
- logrotate is designed to ease administration of systems that generate large numbers of log files. It allows automatic rotation, compression, removal, and mailing of log files. Each log file may be handled daily, weekly, monthly, or when it grows too large.
- Using logrotate to rotate and archive log - Aug 05, 2010
- HowTo: The Ultimate Logrotate Command Tutorial with 10 Examples - Jul 14, 2010
Systems
syslog
- syslog
- syslogd
- /etc/syslog.conf
- How To Set Up A Debian Linux Syslog Server
- https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5424 - The Syslog Protocol
- logger - a shell command interface to the syslog(3) system log module
syslog-ng
- syslog-ng is a high-performance syslog server with advanced log processing services and direct database access. syslog-ng clients collect the log messages from the various applications, files, and other sources then send important log messages to the remote syslog-ng server which sorts and stores them.
rsyslog
- Rsyslog is an enhanced syslogd supporting, among others, MySQL, PostgreSQL, failover log destinations, syslog/tcp, fine grain output format control, high precision timestamps, queued operations, the ability to filter on any message part and encryption protected syslog relay chains. It is quite compatible to stock sysklogd and can be used as a drop-in replacement.
journald
systemd's journal service
- http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd-journald.service.html
- http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/journald.conf.html
- https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd#Journal
- https://docs.google.com/document/pub?id=1IC9yOXj7j6cdLLxWEBAGRL6wl97tFxgjLUEHIX3MSTs
- lnav - The Log File Navigator, An advanced log file viewer for the small-scale. Watch and analyze your log files from a terminal. No server. No setup. Still featureful. [8]
Aggregation
- swatch - swatchdog.pl started out as swatch, the "simple watchdog" for activity monitoring log files produced by UNIX's syslog facility. It has since been evolving into a utility that can monitor just about any type of log. The name has been changed to satisfy a request made by the old Swiss watch company.
- Logwatch is a customizable log analysis system. Logwatch parses through your system's logs and creates a report analyzing areas that you specify. Logwatch is easy to use and will work right out of the package on most systems.
- Logcheck is a simple utility which is designed to allow a system administrator to view the logfiles which are produced upon hosts under their control. It does this by mailing summaries of the logfiles to them, after first filtering out "normal" entries.
- logstash is a tool for managing events and logs. You can use it to collect logs, parse them, and store them for later use (like, for searching). Speaking of searching, logstash comes with a web interface for searching and drilling into all of your logs.
- Dendrite scrapes your existing logs and re-emits a unified log stream in modern, sensible, structured formats like JSON and StatsD over common protocols such as TCP, UDP, file streams
- https://github.com/ryandotsmith/l2met - Convert a formatted log stream into metrics. Heroku.
- Graylog2 enables you to unleash the power that lays inside your logs. Use it to run analytics, alerting, monitoring and powerful searches over your whole log base. Need to debug a failing request? Just run a quick filter search to find it and see what errors it produced. Want to see all messages a certain API consumer is consuming in real time? Create streams for every consumer and have them always only one click away.
- GoAccess is an open source real-time web log analyzer and interactive viewer that runs in a terminal in *nix systems. It provides fast and valuable HTTP statistics for system administrators that require a visual server report on the fly.
- lnav - An advanced log file viewer for the small-scale. Watch and analyze your log files from a terminal. No server. No setup. Still featureful.
- Flume is a distributed, reliable, and available service for efficiently collecting, aggregating, and moving large amounts of log data. It has a simple and flexible architecture based on streaming data flows. It is robust and fault tolerant with tunable reliability mechanisms and many failover and recovery mechanisms. It uses a simple extensible data model that allows for online analytic application.
- Fluentd is an open-source tool to collect events and logs. 150+ plugins instantly enables you to store the massive data for Log Search, Big Data Analytics, and Archiving (MongoDB, S3, Hadoop).
- Kibana is an open source (Apache Licensed), browser based analytics and search interface to Logstash and other timestamped data sets stored in ElasticSearch. With those in place Kibana is a snap to setup and start using (seriously). Kibana strives to be easy to get started with, while also being flexible and powerful
- log.io - Real-time log monitoring in your browser. Powered by node.js + socket.io
http://www.vanheusden.com/multitail/
- glTail.rb - Real-time visualization of server log traffic, events and statistics with Ruby, SSH and OpenGL.
- The Log File Navigator - An advanced log file viewer for the small-scale. Watch and analyze your log files from a terminal. No server. No setup. Still featureful.
- https://github.com/tigrawap/slit - a modern PAGER for viewing logs, get more than most in less time
- https://github.com/grafana/loki - Like Prometheus, but for logs.
Services
Monitoring
See also Network#Monitoring, *nix#Monitoring
If it's up... | A.K.A... | It's down... per year |
---|---|---|
90% | n/a | 876 hours |
95% | n/a | 438 hours |
99% | two 9s | 87 hours, 36 minutes |
99.9% | three 9s | 8 hours, 45 minutes, 36 seconds |
99.99% | four 9s | 52 minutes, 33.6 seconds |
99.999% | five 9s | 5 minutes, 15.36 seconds |
99.9999% | six 9s | 31.68 seconds |
lbcd
Collectd
collectd is a daemon which collects system performance statistics periodically and provides mechanisms to store the values in a variety of ways, for example in RRD files. collectd gathers statistics about the system it is running on and stores this information. Those statistics can then be used to find current performance bottlenecks (i.e. performance analysis) and predict future system load (i.e. capacity planning). Or if you just want pretty graphs of your private server and are fed up with some homegrown solution you're at the right place, too ;).
- StatsD - A network daemon that runs on the Node.js platform and listens for statistics, like counters and timers, sent over UDP and sends aggregates to one or more pluggable backend services (e.g., Graphite).
- https://github.com/armon/statsite - A C implementation of statsd
Nagios
- Nagios is a powerful monitoring system that enables organizations to identify and resolve IT infrastructure problems before they affect critical business processes. Designed with scalability and flexibility in mind, Nagios gives you the peace of mind that comes from knowing your organization's business processes won't be affected by unknown outages.
- NagVis is a visualization addon for the well known network managment system Nagios.
- NPC is to be a complete web based UI replacement to Nagios while fully integrating into Cacti using the Cacti Plugin Architecture. The primary benefit is a single point of access for trending and alert monitoring.
Monit
- Monit is a free open source utility for managing and monitoring, processes, programs, files, directories and filesystems on a UNIX system. Monit conducts automatic maintenance and repair and can execute meaningful causal actions in error situations.
- M/Monit expand upon Monit's capabilities to provide monitoring and management of all Monit enabled hosts from one easy to use web-interface.
Graphite
- Graphite - Graphite is an enterprise-ready monitoring tool that runs equally well on cheap hardware or Cloud infrastructure. Teams use Graphite to track the performance of their websites, applications, business services, and networked servers. It marked the start of a new generation of monitoring tools, making it easier than ever to store, retrieve, share, and visualize time-series data.
Splunk
- Splunk is powerful and versatile IT search software that takes the pain out of tracking and utilizing the information in your data center. If you have Splunk, you won't need complicated databases, connectors, custom parsers or controls--all that's required is a web browser and your imagination. Splunk handles the rest.
- YouTube: Splunk 4.3 Overview
Amon
- Amon is an application and system monitoring toolkit for web developers. Its goal is to provide you with all the information you need about the health of your servers and the errors that occur in your web application.
Munin
Shinken
Sensu
Other
- Cacti is a complete network graphing solution designed to harness the power of RRDTool's data storage and graphing functionality. Cacti provides a fast poller, advanced graph templating, multiple data acquisition methods, and user management features out of the box. All of this is wrapped in an intuitive, easy to use interface that makes sense for LAN-sized installations up to complex networks with hundreds of devices.
- ApacheTop is a curses-based top-like display for Apache information, including requests per second, bytes per second, most popular URLs, etc.
- Riemann aggregates events from your servers and applications with a powerful stream processing language. Send an email for every exception raised by your code. Track the latency distribution of your web app. See the top processes on any host, by memory and CPU. Combine statistics from every Riak node in your cluster and forward to Graphite. Send alerts when a key process fails to check in. Know how many users signed up right this second.
- Custodian allows a wide range of services to be remotely tested across a network. The system uses a central work-queue, which allows the testing to be carried out by a agents running upon an arbitrary number of hosts.
- Heka is a tool for collecting and collating data from a number of different sources, performing "in-flight" processing of collected data, and delivering the results to any number of destinations for further analysis.
- Blueflood is a multi-tenant distributed metric processing system created by engineers at Rackspace. It is used in production by the Cloud Monitoring team to process metrics generated by their monitoring systems. Blueflood is capable of ingesting, rolling up and serving metrics at a massive scale.
- Ray-Mon is a linux server monitoring script written in PHP and Bash, utilizing JSON as data storage. It requires only bash and a webserver on the client side, and only php on the server side.
- Pinba is a MySQL storage engine that acts as a realtime monitoring/statistics server for PHP using MySQL as a read-only interface. It accumulates and processes data sent over UDP by multiple PHP processes and displays statistics in a nice human-readable form of simple "reports", also providing read-only interface to the raw data in order to make possible generation of more sophisticated reports and stats.
- Opserver is a monitoring system by the team at Stack Exchange, home of Stack Overflow.
- Centreon is an free and Open Source software allowing you to monitor all the infrastructures and applications of your information system
- Icinga is an enterprise grade open source monitoring system which keeps watch over networks and any conceivable network resource, notifies the user of errors and recoveries and generates performance data for reporting. Scalable and extensible, Icinga can monitor complex, large environments across dispersed locations. Icinga is a fork of Nagios and is backward compatible.
- Zabbix is the ultimate open source availability and performance monitoring solution. Zabbix offers advanced monitoring, alerting, and visualization features today which are missing in other monitoring systems, even some of the best commercial ones.
- Xymon is a system for monitoring servers and networks. It takes its inspiration from the Big Brother monitoring system, but unlike Big Brother it is designed to work well whether you need to monitor a small network with just a handful of hosts, or large networks with thousands of servers and network services.
- Ganglia is a scalable distributed monitoring system for high-performance computing systems such as clusters and Grids. It is based on a hierarchical design targeted at federations of clusters. It leverages widely used technologies such as XML for data representation, XDR for compact, portable data transport, and RRDtool for data storage and visualization.
- Hyperic's web infrastructure monitoring and management software automates and streamlines data center operations. HQ helps you reduce operations workload, increase your company's IT management maturity level, and drive improvements in availability and infrastructure health.
- Packetbeat - Open Source application monitoring & packet tracing system
- Inspeqtor monitors your application infrastructure. It gathers and verifies key metrics from all the moving parts in your application and alerts you when something looks wrong. It understands the application deployment workflow so it won't bother you during a deploy.
- termui - Go terminal dashboard. Inspired by blessed-contrib, but purely in Go. Cross-platform, easy to compile, and fully-customizable.
- Grafana - The open platform for beautiful analytics and monitoring
Zenoss
linux-dash
- linux-dash - A low-overhead monitoring web dashboard for a GNU/Linux machine. Simply drop-in the app and go!
GoAccess
- GoAccess is an open source real-time web log analyzer and interactive viewer that runs in a terminal in *nix systems. It provides fast and valuable HTTP statistics for system administrators that require a visual server report on the fly.
netdata
- netdata is a highly optimized Linux daemon providing real-time performance monitoring for Linux systems, Applications, SNMP devices, over the web! It tries to visualize the truth of now, in its greatest detail, so that you can get insights of what is happening now and what just happened, on your systems and applications. [14]
InfluxDB
- InfluxDB - an open source time series database with no external dependencies. It's useful for recording metrics, events, and performing analytics.
Services
New Relic
Rackspace
Web management
See also Web systems#Personal cloud
Cockpit
- Cockpit - a server manager that makes it easy to administer your GNU/Linux servers via a web browser. [15]
Webmin
- Webmin is a web-based interface for system administration for Unix. Using any modern web browser, you can setup user accounts, Apache, DNS, file sharing and much more. Webmin removes the need to manually edit Unix configuration files like /etc/passwd, and lets you manage a system from the console or remotely.
Virtualmin
- Virtualmin is a powerful and flexible web hosting control panel for Linux and UNIX systems based on the well-known Open Source web-based systems management GUI, Webmin. Manage your virtual domains, mailboxes, databases, applications, and the entire server, from one comprehensive and friendly interface.
Ehcp
- Ehcp is a Hosting Control Panel to facilitate the process of managing domains, e-mail, users, etc.
AlternC
- AlternC is a set of software management on Linux shared hosting, easy to use, easy to install, based solely on free software, GPL v2 +. Systems for automatic installation and configuration, control panel accessible via the web for the management of users and web services (domains, emails, ftp accounts, statistics ...). Technically, AlternC is currently based on Debian GNU / Linux 'Stable' (Squeeze to date), and use other software such as Apache, Postfix, Mailman ... It also contains API documentation, allowing easy customization of the office, 'web control panel' AlternC.
CPanel
easyengine
- easyengine (ee) is a Linux shell-script collection, which makes it easy to manage your WordPress-Nginx sites on an Ubuntu server
GNUPanel
Ajenti
- Ajenti - includes dozens of pre-made plugins that let you configure both your OS and server software. List of supported software includes Apache, BIND9, Cron, CTDB, DHCPD, NFSD, Iptables, Munin, MySQL, Netatalk, NGINX, PostgreSQL, Samba, lm-sensors, Squid 3, Supervisor.
Organizr
- https://github.com/causefx/Organizr - HTPC/Homelab Services Organizer - Written in PHP. Do you have quite a bit of services running on your computer or server? Do you have a lot of bookmarks or have to memorize a bunch of ip's and ports? Well, Organizr is here to help with that. Organizr allows you to setup "Tabs" that will be loaded all in one webpage. You can then work on your server with ease. You can even open up two tabs side by side. Want to give users access to some Tabs? No problem, just enable user support and have them make an account. Want guests to be able to visit too? Enable Guest support for those tabs.
VestaCP
- Vesta Control Panel - an open source hosting control panel. Vesta has a clean and focused interface without the clutter. Vesta has the latest of very innovative technologies.
Performance
See also *nix#Performance, HTTP#Performance
- irqbalance - a Linux* daemon that distributes interrupts over the processors and cores you have in your computer system. The design goal of irqbalance is to do find a balance between power savings and optimal performance. To a large degree, the work irqbalance does is invisible to you; if irqbalance performs its job right, nobody will ever notice it's there or want to turn it off.
HAProxy
- HAProxy - The Reliable, High Performance TCP/HTTP Load Balancer, provides a high availability load balancer and proxy server for TCP and HTTP-based applications that spreads requests across multiple servers. It is written in C and has a reputation for being fast and efficient (in terms of processor and memory usage). HAProxy is used by a number of high-profile websites including GoDaddy, GitHub, Bitbucket, Stack Overflow, Reddit, Speedtest.net, Tumblr, Twitter and Tuenti and is used in the OpsWorks product from Amazon Web Services.
nuster
- https://github.com/jiangwenyuan/nuster - A caching proxy server based on HAProxy
Pound
- Pound - is a reverse proxy, that means you put it on the server in front of your web services, not in front of your clients who need to connect to the general Internet. It takes web requests from end-users and distributes them among several web servers or services you may be running. Pound is also load balancing, so you can run multiple servers that look to the outside world as if they are just one, allowing you to spread the workload around. Pound proxy is NOT a caching proxy. By itself it won't help to speed up your server or network, but there is a lot of flexibility in Pound that will help you overall.
Træfik
- Træfik - pronounced like traffic, is a modern HTTP reverse proxy and load balancer made to deploy microservices with ease. It supports several backends (Docker, Swarm mode, Kubernetes, Marathon, Consul, Etcd, Rancher, Amazon ECS, and a lot more) to manage its configuration automatically and dynamically.
memcached
- Memcached - a free & open source, high-performance, distributed memory object caching system, generic in nature, but intended for use in speeding up dynamic web applications by alleviating database load. Memcached is an in-memory key-value store for small chunks of arbitrary data (strings, objects) from results of database calls, API calls, or page rendering. Memcached is simple yet powerful. Its simple design promotes quick deployment, ease of development, and solves many problems facing large data caches. Its API is available for most popular languages.
- magent is a simple but useful proxy program for memcached servers.
- https://github.com/steveyen/moxi - a memcached proxy with energy and pep
- https://code.facebook.com/posts/296442737213493/introducing-mcrouter-a-memcached-protocol-router-for-scaling-memcached-deployments/ [17]
Redis
See also Database#Redis
- http://www.quora.com/What-are-the-differences-between-memcached-and-redis
- http://systoilet.wordpress.com/2010/08/09/redis-vs-memcached/
- http://helpdesk.getpantheon.com/customer/portal/articles/401317-redis
CDN services
- https://kloudsec.com/ [18] - auto letsencrypt ssl
OpenNOP
- OpenNOP - an open source Linux based network accelerator. It's designed to optimise network traffic over point-to-point, partially-meshed and full-meshed IP networks. The goal of OpenNOP is to increase network performance over low speed network connections such as ISDN, DSL, DS1, frame-relay, VPN and other network circuits. To accomplish this we can use a variety of techniques such as compression, deduplication, caching and protocol spoofing.
Configuration management
See also Stack#Orchestration and management
- https://github.com/richo/babashka - babushka in bash