Language

General

See also Mind#Language, Mind#Semiotics, Documents, Typography

tooo soooort

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_of_speech

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_of_language

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_literature

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_tradition

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_history

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistics

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet

• http://www.sil.org/resources/software_fonts/ipa-keyboards

• http://www.fun-with-words.com

• http://blog.nabeelqu.com/post/33557680375/surprisingly-undervalued-books

• http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/monkey-see-monkey-speak-video/ [1]

• http://www.nybooks.com/blogs/nyrblog/2015/jun/26/reading-is-forgetting [2]

• http://www.sil.org/resources/software_fonts/xlingpaper

Blogs

• http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/

• http://elms.wordpress.com/

Languages

• https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10090480

English

• http://www.tfd.com/
• http://www.etymonline.com/
• http://www.kokogiak.com/logolepsy/
• http://splasho.com/upgoer5/
  • http://tenhundredwordsofscience.tumblr.com/
• http://www.wordsforthat.com/

• http://oxforddictionaries.com/words/what-word-contains-the-five-vowels-a-e-i-o-u-in-the-right-order

• http://edl.byu.edu/lexicon

• http://alt-usage-english.org/

• http://jsomers.net/blog/dictionary [3]

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_English
• http://www.plainenglish.co.uk/
• http://odi.dwp.gov.uk/inclusive-communications/channels/clear-english.php

• http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/mar/11/pronunciation-errors-english-language
• http://public.wsu.edu/~brians/errors/

• http://www.dialectsarchive.com/
• http://accent.gmu.edu/ [4]

Slang

• http://www.urbandictionary.com/

• http://home.earthlink.net/~dlarkins/slang-pg.htm
• http://local.aaca.org/bntc/slang/slang.htm
• http://www.odps.org/glossword/index.php

Acquisition

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_acquisition

• YouTube: Part 1- What Everyone Should Know about Second Language Acquisition

Translation

• BabelFish.org is a fish that translates speech from one language to another.

• EUdict is a collection of online dictionaries for the languages spoken mostly in the European Community. These dictionaries are the result of the work of many authors who worked very hard and finally offered their product free of charge on the internet thus making it easier to all of us to communicate with each other.
• dict.cc is not only an online dictionary. It's an attempt to create a platform where users from all over the world can share their knowledge in the field of translations. Every visitor can suggest new translations and correct or confirm other users' suggestions.

• Linguee - Dictionary and search engine for 100 million translations.

• http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/index.html - scots

• http://rut.org/cgi-bin/j-e/dict - japanese

• http://www.translation-guide.com/free_online_translators.php?from=Latin&to=English
• http://www.latinphrasetranslation.com/translators/latin_to_english

• http://www.paulmeier.com/ipacharts/

• http://virtaal.translatehouse.org/

• http://translationproject.org/html/welcome.html

• http://www.forvo.com/

• http://youpronounce.it/ [5]

• https://www.youtube.com/user/PronunciationManual

Other

• http://www.meta-net.eu/

• http://babadum.com/

• http://www.xibalba.demon.co.uk/jbr/ranto/

• http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2012/12/24/utopian-for-beginners [6]

• https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8192474

• http://mycommunityrights.org.uk/community-right-to-bid/

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whistled_language

• https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10092480

• http://www.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/people/matt.davis/sine-wave-speech/

Numbers

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_numerals
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinal_indicator - nd, rd, th, etc.

Literacy

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literacy

Reading

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_(process)

• http://www.magicscroll.net/

• http://www.eyercize.com/

• http://ankisrs.net/

• http://spreeder.com/

• OpenSpritz is an extremely crude implementation of Spritz in JavaScript. It works as a bookmarklet to add Spritz-type speed reading to every page. good

• Squirt - Speed read the web, one word at a time [7]

• http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/01/160114163035.htm [8]

• http://www.zolmeister.com/2014/03/zethos-35-million-in-1kb.html [9]

• http://ds300.github.io/jetzt/
  • http://ds300.github.io/jetzt/ - test page

• https://github.com/luisivan/spritzer

• http://lively-web.org/users/robertkrahn/speedread.html

• Spree - Chrome extension
  • https://github.com/wpears/spree

• spread0r should run on all platforms supporting perl and gtk2-perl.

• http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?AlanKaysReadingList

Writing

• https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/

• https://www.wriber.com/ [10]

• http://nathanbarry.com/step-by-step-landing-page-copywriting/
• http://asserttrue.blogspot.co.uk/2013/01/how-to-write-opening-sentence.html [11]

• http://learning.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/20/writing-rules-advice-from-the-new-york-times-on-writing-well/

• http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/29/books/review/colson-whiteheads-rules-for-writing.html
• http://www.scoop.it/t/story-and-narrative
• http://aerogrammestudio.com/2013/03/07/pixars-22-rules-of-storytelling/

• http://business.nmsu.edu/~dboje/formists.html

• http://joel.is/post/32338258448/5-realisations-that-helped-me-write-regularly

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandon_Sanderson#Sanderson.27s_Laws

• http://www.tc.umn.edu/~jewel001/CollegeWriting/home.htm

• https://www.wordentropy.org/ [12]
• http://bsgen30.com/

• http://storylinecreator.checkmates.de/creatorDemo/index.html

• http://www.itv.com/news/wales/2015-01-09/comedian-stewart-lee-backs-campaign-to-save-welsh-writer-arthur-machens-books-and-papers/

• http://intermorphic.com/liptikl/

• http://proselint.com/ [13]

Literature

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literature

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poetics

• https://www.academia.edu/12821127/Constructing_the_Modern_Novel

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_design

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_literature

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_writing

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literary_criticism
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literary_theory

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formalism_(literature)

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_literature

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergodic_literature - Examples given by Aarseth include a diverse group of texts: wall inscriptions of the temples in ancient Egypt that are connected two-dimensionally (on one wall) or three dimensionally (from wall to wall or room to room); the I Ching; Apollinaire’s Calligrammes in which the words of the poem “are spread out in several directions to form a picture on the page, with no clear sequence in which to be read”; Marc Saporta’s Composition No. 1, Roman, a novel with shuffleable pages; Raymond Queneau’s One Hundred Thousand Billion Poems; B. S. Johnson’s The Unfortunates; Milorad Pavic’s Landscape Painted with Tea; Joseph Weizenbaum’s ELIZA; Ayn Rand’s play Night of January 16th, in which members of the audience form a jury and choose one of two endings; William Chamberlain and Thomas Etter’s Racter; Michael Joyce’s Afternoon: a story; Roy Trubshaw and Richard Bartle’s Multi-User Dungeon (aka MUD1); and James Aspnes’s TinyMUD.[citation needed] Some other contemporary examples of this type of literature are Nick Bantock's The Griffin and Sabine Trilogy, S. by J. J. Abrams and Doug Dorst, Night Film by Marisha Pessl, and House of Leaves by Mark Z. Danielewski.

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modernist_literature
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postmodernist_literature

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_nonfiction - a genre of writing that uses literary styles and techniques to create factually accurate narratives. Creative nonfiction contrasts with other nonfiction, such as technical writing or journalism, which is also rooted in accurate fact, but is not primarily written in service to its craft. Forms within this genre include biography, autobiography, memoir, diary, travel writing, food writing, literary journalism, chronicle, personal essays and other hybridized essays.

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metafiction

• http://instruct.westvalley.edu/lafave/DFW_present_tense.html
• http://techcrunch.com/2014/01/11/such-dfw-very-orwell-so-doge-wow/

• http://www.locusmag.com/Perspectives/2014/01/cory-doctorow-cheap-writing-tricks/

• http://designthroughstorytelling.net/periodic/

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguries_of_Innocence

• http://lithub.com/

Poetry

• https://learntolol.wordpress.com/2015/05/12/finding-a-muse/

• http://www.howl2.com/

Style

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writing_style
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stylometry
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stylistics_(literature)

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Style_guide
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style

• https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9743144

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Elements_of_Style
• http://www.crockford.com/wrrrld/style.html

• http://scribemeetsworld.com/

• http://withoutbullshit.com/blog/10-top-writing-tips-psychology/

• http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/ubc-student-writes-52438-word-architecture-dissertation-with-no-punctuation-not-everyone-loved-it

• http://nitpickertool.com/

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asemic_writing

• http://www.researchgate.net/publication/12102517_Birds_of_a_feather_flock_conjointly_()_rhyme_as_reason_in_aphorisms [14]

Forms

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Report

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9moire

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monograph

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthology

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treatise

• http://nossidge.tumblr.com/post/46605163160/i-am-the-path-along-unseen-heather-snowball

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_(list)

• http://tosbourn.com/2013/12/other/case-writing-unit-tests-blog-posts/ [15]

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enjambment

Page elements

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byline

Press release

• http://www.mediacollege.com/journalism/press-release/format.html [16]
• http://www.rocknrollbride.com/2012/04/how-to-write-a-press-release-that-will-actually-get-you-featured-a-guest-post-by-debbie-carlisle/

Proposal

• http://www.slideshare.net/ShantiramDahal/detailed-outline-of-research-proposal

Lyric

• http://rappad.co/

• http://rapbot.jit.su/

• http://www.rhymezone.com/

Publishing

• http://www.smashwords.com/

• https://hackpad.com/Everything-I-Know-about-Self-Publishing-d4zCU7alhJX

• https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=6052075

• https://www.petekeen.net/adventures-in-self-publishing

• http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/01/business/media/mental-floss-is-buoyed-by-online-video.html [17]

• https://www.sourcefabric.org/en/booktype/

• https://leanpub.com/

Journalism

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalism

• http://www.newsdiffs.org/

• http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/28/opinion/a-conversation-in-lieu-of-a-column.html

• http://nytlabs.com/blog/2015/10/20/particles/

• whocomments? - the encyclopedia of comment & opinion, the UK's only free to use biographical database of comment journalism

• SourceWatch, published by the Center for Media and Democracy (CMD), is a collaborative, specialized encyclopedia of the people, organizations, and issues shaping the public agenda. SourceWatch profiles the activities of front groups, PR spinners, industry-friendly experts, industry-funded organizations, and think tanks trying to manipulate public opinion on behalf of corporations or government. We also highlight key public policies they are trying to affect and provide ways to get involved. In addition, SourceWatch contains information about others who help document information about PR spin, such as reporters, academics, and watchdog groups.

Other

Smiley

• https://openlibrary.org/

• http://www.metafilter.com/132059/How-to-Write

• http://demo.innovationaccelerator.com/

• http://filer.case.edu/dts8/thelastq.htm
• http://www.thrivenotes.com/the-last-answer/

• http://infinitemonkeys.fuzzie.sg/

• http://hpmor.com/

• http://www.skyhunter.com/marcs/GentleSeduction.html

• https://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2002/12/21/17846/757

• http://lightspeedmagazine.kinja.com/

• http://acharya.iitm.ac.in/sanskrit/why_sans.php

• http://www.marlborotech.com/Zalgo.html

• http://greatlanguagegame.com/

• http://www.wordle.net/

• http://www.lrb.co.uk/blog/2013/10/16/yasmine-seale/q-v-k/ [18]

• On the Pedagogical Motive for Esoteric Writing [19]

• http://valhallamovement.com/

• https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10716154

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gG62zay3kck

• http://www.arlt.co.uk/songs.html

• http://blog.longreads.com/2014/02/15/david-foster-wallace-and-the-nature-of-fact/ [20]

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_games_on_I%27m_Sorry_I_Haven%27t_a_Clue#Cheddar_Gorge

• http://mining4meaning.com/2015/02/13/raplyzer/

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saying

• http://visualgenome.org/about [21]

• http://allpriorart.com/publications/ [22]

• https://github.com/nlp-compromise/nlp_compromise [23]

Fiction

• https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9379015

• http://www.rudyrucker.com/pdf/transrealistmanifesto.pdf
  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transrealism_(literature)
  • http://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/oct/24/transrealism-first-major-literary-movement-21st-century

• https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8811581

• http://www-users.cs.york.ac.uk/susan/sf/index.htm

• http://hieroglyph.asu.edu/

• http://futurismic.com/

• http://archiveofourown.org/

• http://ficly.com/stories

• http://365tomorrows.com/

• http://futuretimeline.net/index.htm

• http://www.technovelgy.com/

• http://www.aeonmagazine.com/world-views/can-the-multiverse-explain-the-course-of-history/

• http://lesswrong.com/lw/ihr/september_2013_media_thread/9rr5

• http://openfolklore.org/

• http://fictionhub.io/ [24]

• http://www.infinityplus.co.uk/stories/under.htm?2

• http://www.galactanet.com/oneoff/theegg_mod.html

• http://qntm.org/responsibility

• http://slatestarcodex.com/2014/04/03/the-study-of-anglophysics/

• http://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2014/09/12/the-future-according-to-stanislaw-lem/

• http://nautil.us/issue/15/turbulence/an-astrobiologist-asks-a-sci_fi-novelist-how-to-survive-the-anthropocene [25]

• https://www.reddit.com/r/Fantasy/comments/24muao/add_your_favorite_speculative_fiction_websites_to/

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Whitman

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octavia_E._Butler

• https://worldtracker.org/media/library/English%20Literature/V/Vogt,%20A.%20E.%20Van/A.%20E.%20Van%20Vogt%20-%20The%20World%20of%20Null-A.pdf

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mind_Parasites

• http://www.salon.com/2003/08/26/truncat/

• http://strangehorizons.com/2014/20141103/1banks-a.shtml [26]

• http://sappingattention.blogspot.co.uk/2014/12/fundamental-plot-arcs-seen-through.html?m=1

• http://rationalfiction.io/wiki/rational-fiction [27]

• http://www.infinityplus.co.uk/stories/blit.htm

• https://killscreen.com/articles/umberto-eco-and-his-legacy-in-open-world-games/ [28]

Interactive

• http://www.ifcomp.org/ballot

Naming conventions

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CamelCase
• http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?CamelCase
• http://communitywiki.org/en/LinkLanguage