Physics
General
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimental_physics
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoretical_physics
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_physics
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_relativity
- Albert Einstein's Theory of Relativity - In Words of Four Letters or Less
photons don't know time; time moves at the speed of light.
Energy
to move
Fields / Forces
Electromagnetism
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_electromagnetism
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_electrodynamics - relativistic quantum field theory of electrodynamics
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_wave
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiant_energy - the energy of electromagnetic radiation
Strong nuclear
Weak nuclear
Gravity
- A rubber sheet can be mapped to a scalar theory of gravity
- Relativity is a tensor field theory
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_gravity - field of theoretical physics that seeks to describe the force of gravity according to the principles of quantum mechanics
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton - massless spin-2 boson
Other
Quantum Mechanics
to reorder
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanics
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_quantum_mechanics
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Broglie–Bohm_theory - In addition to a wavefunction on the space of all possible configurations, it also postulates an actual configuration that exists even when unobserved. The evolution over time of the configuration (that is, of the positions of all particles or the configuration of all fields) is defined by the wave function via a guiding equation.
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_length
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_time -the time it would take a photon traveling at the speed of light to cross a distance equal to one Planck length
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_epoch - the earliest period of time in the history of the universe, from zero to approximately 10−43 seconds (Planck time)
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_constant - quantum of action in quantum mechanics. first described as the proportionality constant between the energy (E) of a photon and the frequency (ν) of its associated electromagnetic wave
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_number
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantization_(physics)
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetry_in_quantum_mechanics
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spontaneous_symmetry_breaking
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirality_(physics) - A chiral phenomenon is one that is not identical to its mirror image
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomaly_(physics) - the failure of a symmetry of a theory's classical action to be a symmetry of any regularization of the full quantum theory
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_(physics)
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isospin - a quantum number related to the strong interaction
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strangeness
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charm_(quantum_number)
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavefunction
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavefunction_collapse
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measurement_in_quantum_mechanics
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_tomography - the process of reconstructing the quantum state for a source of quantum systems by measurements on the systems coming from the source
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renormalization - any of a collection of techniques used to treat infinities arising in calculated quantities.
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perturbation_theory_(quantum_mechanics)
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_particles
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feynman_diagram
- http://arstechnica.com/science/2013/12/a-quantum-revolution-against-feynman-diagrams/
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multipole_expansion - a mathematical series representing a function that depends on angles — usually the two angles on a sphere
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrupole
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability_amplitude
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scattering_amplitude
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scattering_length
Quantum Field Theory
to sort
there are no particles, only fields
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar_field
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_field - an assignment of a vector to each point in a subset of Euclidean space
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinor_field
- Understanding Quantum Field Theory
- YouTube: Understand Physics: Quantum Mechanics vs Quantum Field Theory
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroweak_interaction
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroweak_scale
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_vacuum - a false vacuum is a metastable sector of space that appears to be a perturbative vacuum, but is unstable due to instanton effects that may tunnel to a lower energy state.
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrangian_mechanics - is a re-formulation of classical mechanics using the principle of stationary action (also called the principle of least action, and applies to systems whether or not they conserve energy or momentum, and it provides conditions under which energy, momentum or both are conserved
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_theory - a type of field theory in which the Lagrangian is invariant under a continuous group of local transformations.
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nontechnical_introduction_to_gauge_theory
- R. P. Feynman and his problems in QCD/QED
- Particle Interactions, QED and QCD: An Introduction - Part 1
Standard Model
Statistics
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_statistics - a statistical ensemble that emphasizes properties of a large system as a whole at the expense of knowledge about parameters of separate particles
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_statistical_mechanics - a statistical ensemble (probability distribution over possible quantum states) is described by a density operator S, which is a non-negative, self-adjoint, trace-class operator of trace 1 on the Hilbert space H describing the quantum system
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert_space - generalizes the notion of Euclidean space, extends the methods of vector algebra and calculus from the two-dimensional Euclidean plane and three-dimensional space to spaces with any finite or infinite number of dimensions, an abstract vector space possessing the structure of an inner product that allows length and angle to be measured
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generation_(particle_physics)
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flavour_(particle_physics)
Mass
Particles
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_particles
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Particle_overview.svg
Bosons
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force_carrier - particles that give rise to forces between other particles. These particles are bundles of energy (quanta) of a particular kind of field. There is one kind of field for every species of elementary particle.
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_boson - a boson with the spin quantum number equal to 1
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_boson - forms of vector boson force carrier particles that mediate the electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon - carry the electromagnetic interaction
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons - carry the weak interaction
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon - strong interaction
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_meson - a meson with total spin 1 and odd parity
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudovector_meson - a meson with total spin 1 and even parity
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoscalar_meson - a meson with total spin 0 and odd parity
Fermions
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion - any particle characterized by Fermi–Dirac statistics and following the Pauli exclusion principle; fermions include all quarks and leptons, as well as any composite particle made of an odd number of these, such as all baryons and many atoms and nuclei. spin-1⁄2 particle. Composite fermions, such as protons and neutrons, are key building blocks of everyday matter
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepton - does not undergo strong interactions
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_configuration
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_shell
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_electron
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryon - composite subatomic particle made up of three quarks
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron
- http://physics.aps.org/synopsis-for/10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.242502
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up_quark
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_quark
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange_quark
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom_quark
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_quark
Atomic
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_physics - deals with the atom as a system consisting of a nucleus and electrons
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom - a basic unit of matter that consists of a dense central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons.
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_nucleus - contains a mix of positively charged protons and electrically neutral neutrons (except in the case of hydrogen-1, which is the only stable nuclide with no neutrons)
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleon
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_number - the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom and therefore identical to the charge number of the nucleus
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_element
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table
- http://www.periodictable.com/
- http://www.periodicvideos.com/
- http://table.minutephysics.com/
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_physics - considers atomic nuclei alone
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactive
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactive_decay
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-life
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion - an atom or molecule in which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons, giving the atom a net positive or negative electrical charge
Matter
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_(physics)
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bose%E2%80%93Einstein_condensate
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_dark_matter
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warm_dark_matter
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_dark_matter
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiparticle
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimatter
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron%E2%80%93positron_annihilation
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antihydrogen
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion - an atom or molecule in which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons, giving the atom a net positive or negative electrical charge
Molecular
Cosmology
See also Space
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_the_universe
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology_of_the_universe
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmological_principle - an axiom that embodies the working assumption or premise that the distribution of matter in the universe is homogeneous and isotropic when viewed on a large enough scale, since the forces are expected to act uniformly throughout the universe
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda-CDM_model
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation_(cosmology)
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflaton - scalar field
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflationary_epoch
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_neutrino_background - a relic of the big bang, decoupled from matter when the universe was 2 seconds old
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino_decoupling - the epoch at which neutrinos ceased interacting with baryonic matter
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_microwave_background - decoupled from matter when the universe was 379,000 years old
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar_medium - the matter that exists in the space between the star systems in a galaxy, includes gas in ionic, atomic, and molecular form, dust, and cosmic rays
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar_cloud - the generic name given to an accumulation of gas, plasma and dust in our and other galaxies. Put differently, an interstellar cloud is a denser-than-average region of the interstellar medium
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_cloud - type of interstellar cloud whose density and size permits the formation of molecules, most commonly molecular hydrogen
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_morphological_classification
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiral_galaxy
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulge_(astronomy) - tightly packed group of stars within a larger formation, almost exclusively refers to the central group of stars found in most spiral galaxies
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactic_Center
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globular_cluster
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_cluster
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intracluster_medium - superheated plasma present at the center of a galaxy cluster
Beyond the Standard Model
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supergravity - a field theory that combines the principles of supersymmetry and general relativity
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_theory
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_(M-theory)
- https://www.superstringtheory.com/
- https://xkcd.com/171/
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosonic_string_theory
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superstring_theory
- https://whystringtheory.com/
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Exceptionally_Simple_Theory_of_Everything
- Garrett Lisi: A theory of everything - 2008
- The Geometry of Particle Physics: Garrett Lisi at TEDxMaui 2013
- A Jewel at the Heart of Quantum Physics [3]
- The Unitarihedron: The Jewel at the Heart of Quantum Computing [4]
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_universe_hypothesis
- http://discovermagazine.com/2013/dec/13-math-made-flesh