Fibre / Fabric
General
- WP: Needlecraft - a broad term for the handicrafts of decorative sewing and textile arts. Anything that uses a needle for construction can be called needlework
Fibers
Natural fibres are either from animals (sheep, goat, rabbit, silk-worm), mineral (asbestos), or from plants (cotton, flax, sisal). These vegetable fibres can come from the seed (cotton), the stem (known as bast fibres: flax, hemp, jute) or the leaf (sisal). Without exception, many processes are needed before a clean even staple is obtained – each with a specific name. With the exception of silk, each of these fibres is short, being only centimetres in length, and each has a rough surface that enables it to bond with similar staples.
Artificial fibres can be processed as long fibres or batched and cut so they can be processed like a natural fibre.
Natural
Animal
- WP: Wool - derived from the fur of animals of the Caprinae family, principally sheep, but the hair of certain species of other mammals such as goats, alpacas, and rabbits may also be called wool.
- WP: Merino
- WP: Chiengora - a yarn or wool spun from dog hair
- WP: Silk - natural protein fibre, composed mainly of fibroin and produced by certain insect larvae to form cocoons
Plant
Mineral
Man-made (artificial)
Regenerated
- WP: Art_silk - or artificial silk
- WP: Viscose - solution of cellulose xanthate made by treating a cellulose compound with sodium hydroxide and carbon disulfide. viscose solution is used to spin the fiber viscose rayon, or rayon, a soft man-made fiber commonly used in dresses, linings, shirts, shorts, coats, jackets, and other outer wear. Viscose rayon is a fiber made from regenerated wood cellulose. Viscose rayon is structurally similar to cotton, which is almost pure cellulose.
- WP: Modal_(textile) - type of rayon, a semi-synthetic cellulose fiber made by spinning reconstituted cellulose, in this case often from beech trees
- WP: Lyocell - soft, absorbent, very strong when wet or dry, and resistant to wrinkles; lyocell fabric can be machine- or hand-washed or drycleaned, it drapes well, and it can be dyed many colors, and can simulate a variety of textures such as suede, leather, and silk
- WP: Ramie#Uses - used to make such products as industrial sewing thread, packing materials, fishing nets, and filter cloths. It is also made into fabrics for household furnishings (upholstery, canvas) and clothing, frequently in blends with other textile fibers
- WP: Bamboo_textiles - Cellulose from bamboo is suitable for processing into viscose rayon
- WP: Cellophane - thin, transparent sheet made of regenerated cellulose
Semi-synthetic
- WP: Rayon#Major_fiber_properties - made from purified cellulose, primarily from wood pulp, which is chemically converted into a soluble compound. It is then dissolved and forced through a spinneret to produce filaments which are chemically solidified, resulting in synthetic fibers of nearly pure cellulose. Because rayon is manufactured from naturally occurring polymers, it is considered a semi-synthetic fiber. Specific types of rayon include viscose, modal and lyocell, each of which differs in manufacturing process and properties of the finished product.
Synthetic
- WP: Cellulose_acetate - the acetate ester of cellulose. used as a synthetic fiber in the manufacture of cigarette filters and playing cards.
- WP: Polyethylene_terephthalate - polyester or 'dacron
Yarn
- WP: Yarn - produced by spinning raw fibres of wool, flax, cotton, or other material to produce long strands.
Making
Thread
- WP: Thread_(yarn) - kind of yarn used for sewing
- WP: Embroidery_thread
Other
Cloth
- WP: Textile - or cloth. flexible woven material consisting of a network of natural or artificial fibres often referred to as thread or yarn. Textiles are formed by weaving, knitting, crocheting, knotting, or pressing fibres together (felt).
Weaving
- WP: Weaving - method of fabric production in which two distinct sets of yarns or threads are interlaced at right angles to form a fabric or cloth.
- WP: Linen - textile made from the fibers of the flax plant
- WP: Tweed_(cloth) - rough, unfinished woollen fabric, of a soft, open, flexible texture
- WP: Silk
- WP: Drill_(fabric)
- WP: Plain_weave - also called tabby weave, linen weave or taffeta weave, where warp and weft are aligned so they form a simple criss-cross pattern
- WP: Satin - glossy surface and a dull back. The satin weave is characterized by four or more cool fill or weft yarns floating over a warp yarn or vice versa
- WP: Twill - type of textile weave with a pattern of diagonal parallel ribs (in contrast with a satin and plain weave). Examples of twill fabric are denim, tweed, chino, gabardine, drill, covert, and serge.
- WP: Canvas - extremely heavy-duty plain-woven fabric used for making sails, tents, marquees, backpacks, and other items for which sturdiness is required.
Knitting
Crocheting
- WP: Crochet - a form of needlework using thread and a hook to create a kind of fabric.
Felting
to sort
- WP: Quilting - either to the process of creating a quilt or to the sewing of two or more layers of material together to make a thicker padded material
Embroidery
- WP: Embroidery - the handicraft of decorating fabric or other materials with needle and thread or yarn
- WP: Needlepoint - form of counted thread embroidery in which yarn is stitched through a stiff open weave canvas
Learning
Publications
- http://www.knitty.com - free patterns, etc.
Social
- https://ravelry.com/ - requires an free account to view