Video

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Revision as of 18:31, 30 January 2017 by Milk (talk | contribs) (→‎Subtitles)
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See also Streaming

Players

mplayer

p
  Toggle pause/play.
Space
  Toggle pause/play.
Backspace
  Return to menu when using dvdnav.
←
  Seek backward ten seconds.
→
  Seek forward ten seconds.
↓
  Seek backward one minute.
↑
  Seek forward one minute.
<
  Go back in the playlist.
>
  Go forward in the playlist.
m
  Mute the sound.
0
  Volume up.
9
  Volume down.
f
  Toggle fullscreen mode.
o
  Toggle OSD state.
v
  Toggle subtitle visibility.
I
  Show filename.
1, 2
  Adjust contrast.
3, 4
  Adjust brightness.
j
  Cycle through the available subtitles.
#
  Cycle through the available audio tracks.

mpv

VLC

other

  • Xjadeo is a software video player that displays a video-clip in sync with an external time source (MTC, LTC, JACK-transport). Xjadeo is useful in soundtrack composition, video monitoring or any task that requires to synchronizing movie frames with external events.

Media

Tape



  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadruplex_videotape - 2″ quad, or just quad, for short) is the first practical and commercially successful analog recording videotape format. It was developed and released for the broadcast television industry in 1956 by Ampex, an American company based in Redwood City, California. The first videotape recorder using this format was built and created in the same year. This format revolutionized broadcast television operations and television production, since the only recording medium available to the TV industry before then was film used for kinescopes, which was much more costly to utilize and took time to develop at a film laboratory. In addition, kinescope images were usually of obviously inferior quality to the live television broadcast images they recorded, whereas quadruplex videotape preserved almost all the image detail of a live broadcast.

Since most United States West Coast network broadcast delays done by the television networks at the time were done with film kinescopes that needed time for developing, the networks wanted a more practical, cost-effective, and quicker way to time-shift television programming for later airing on the West Coast. Broadcasters also sought a recording medium that was not as costly or time-consuming to edit and develop as film. Faced with these challenges, broadcasters sought to adapt magnetic tape recording technology (already in use for recording audio) for use with television as well.


TV


  • Phasor is a demo running on a custom minimalistic ATmega88-based demo platform that generates a composite video signal (PAL).

DVD

  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VOB - the container format in DVD-Video media. VOB can contain digital video, digital audio, subtitles, DVD menus and navigation contents multiplexed together into a stream form. Files in VOB format may be encrypted.

DV / HDV


UHD / 4K

Aspect ratio and resolution

Most common display resolutions in the first half of 2012
Acronym Aspect ratio Width (px) Height (px) % of Steam users % of web users
VGA 4:3 640 480 0.02 n/a
SVGA 4:3 800 600 0.17 1.03
WSVGA 17:10 1024 600 0.31 2.25
XGA 4:3 1024 768 5.53 18.69
XGA+ 4:3 1152 864 0.87 1.55
WXGA 16:9 1280 720 1.51 1.54
WXGA 5:3 1280 768 n/a 1.54
WXGA 16:10 1280 800 4.25 12.97
SXGA– (UVGA) 4:3 1280 960 0.72 0.72
SXGA 5:4 1280 1024 10.66 7.49
HD ~16:9 1360 768 2.36 2.28
HD ~16:9 1366 768 17.19 19.14
SXGA+ 4:3 1400 1050 0.18 n/a
WXGA+ 16:10 1440 900 7.60 6.61
HD+ 16:9 1600 900 6.82 3.82
UXGA 4:3 1600 1200 0.53 n/a
WSXGA+ 16:10 1680 1050 10.26 3.66
FHD 16:9 1920 1080 25.04 5.09
WUXGA 16:10 1920 1200 3.65 1.11
QWXGA 16:9 2048 1152 0.13 n/a
WQHD 16:9 2560 1440 0.72 0.36
WQXGA 16:10 2560 1600 0.19 n/a
3:4 768 1024 n/a 1.93
16:9 1093 614 n/a 0.63
~16:9 1311 737 n/a 0.35
Other 1.29 7.25
  • 480i (NTSC standard uses an analog system of 486i split into two interlaced fields of 243 lines)
  • 576i (PAL, 720 × 576 split into two interlaced fields of 288 lines)

Enhanced-definition television (EDTV):

  • 480p (720 × 480 progressive scan)
  • 576p (720 × 576 progressive scan)

High-definition television (HDTV):

  • 720p (1280 × 720 progressive scan) - 0.9 megapixels
  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1080i (1920 × 1080 split into two interlaced fields of 540 lines)
  • 1080p (1920 × 1080 progressive scan) - Full HD / FHD

Ultra-high-definition television (UHDTV)

  • 2160p/4K (3840 × 2160 progressive scan)
  • 4320p/8K (7680 × 4320 progressive scan)

framerate; http://www.kk.org/thetechnium/archives/2013/01/pain_of_the_new

Container format

.avi

.mov

.mkv

Codecs

  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-2 - a standard for "the generic coding of moving pictures and ISO/IEC 13818 MPEG-2 at the ISO Store. It describes a combination of lossy video compression and lossy audio data compression methods, which permit storage and transmission of movies using currently available storage media and transmission bandwidth. While MPEG-2 is not as efficient as newer standards such as H.264 and H.265/HEVC, backwards compatibility with existing hardware and software means it is still widely used, for example in over-the-air digital television broadcasting and in the DVD-Video standard.
  • H.264/MPEG-4 AVC is a block-oriented motion-compensation-based codec standard developed by the ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) together with the ISO/IEC JTC1 Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG). The project partnership effort is known as the Joint Video Team (JVT). The ITU-T H.264 standard and the ISO/IEC MPEG-4 AVC standard (formally, ISO/IEC 14496-10 – MPEG-4 Part 10, Advanced Video Coding) are jointly maintained so that they have identical technical content. H.264 is perhaps best known as being one of the codec standards for Blu-ray Discs; all Blu-ray Disc players must be able to decode H.264. It is also widely used by streaming internet sources, such as videos from Vimeo, YouTube, and the iTunes Store, web software such as the Adobe Flash Player and Microsoft Silverlight, and also various HDTV broadcasts over terrestrial (ATSC, ISDB-T, DVB-T or DVB-T2), cable (DVB-C) and satellite (DVB-S and DVB-S2).
  • Daala is the code-name for a new video compression technology. The effort is a collaboration between Mozilla Foundation, Xiph.Org Foundation and other contributors. The goal of the project is to provide a free to implement, use and distribute digital media format and reference implementation with technical performance superior to h.265.




Encoding / transcoding

ffmpeg

  • http://ffmpeg.org/ A complete, cross-platform solution to record, convert and stream audio and video.
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 output.avi

ffmpeg -loop 1 -r 2 -i image.jpg -i audio.mp3 -c:v libx264 -preset medium -tune stillimage -crf 18 -c:a copy -shortest -pix_fmt yuv420p output.mkv
  • QWinFF is a GUI for FFmpeg, a powerful command-line media converter. FFmpeg can read audio and video files in various formats and convert them into other formats. QWinFF provides an intuitive graphical interface and a rich set of presets to help you use ffmpeg easily without having to type a single command. Advanced users can also adjust conversion parameters like bitrate and sample rate in detail.

Other

Info

Recording

  • mjpeg programs are a set of tools that can do recording of videos and playback, simple cut-and-paste editing and the MPEG compression of audio and video under Linux.

Screencasting

ffmpeg -f x11grab -video_size 1920x1080 -i $DISPLAY -f alsa -i default -c:v ffvhuff -c:a flac test.mkv



ffmpeg -f x11grab -s 1920x1080 -r 25 -i $DISPLAY   -f alsa -i default   -c:v libx264 -b:v 200k -s 1280x720 test.mp4
  # implicitely encode to a shareable size use

ffmpeg -f x11grab -r 25 -s 1024x768 -i :0.0 /tmp/output.mpg

avconv -f alsa -i pulse -f x11grab -r 30 -s 1280x800 -i :0.0 -vcodec libx264 -acodec libmp3lame myscreencast.avi

Webcam

  • PulseVideo - Allows multiplexing access to webcams such that more than one application can read video from a single piece of hardware at a time.

Production

  • Video Production Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for engineers, producers, editors, and enthusiasts spanning the fields of video, and media creation.


Shooting



Dubbing


Editing


  • Avidemux is a free video editor designed for simple cutting, filtering and encoding tasks. It supports many file types, including AVI, DVD compatible MPEG files, MP4 and ASF, using a variety of codecs. Tasks can be automated using projects, job queue and powerful scripting capabilities.



  • Pitivi Video Editor - Built upon the GStreamer multimedia framework, Pitivi aims to be an intuitive and flexible video editor that integrates well with GNOME and can appeal to newbies and professionals alike.


  • Shotcut is a free, open source, cross-platform video editor.


  • Kdenlive is an intuitive and powerful multi-track video editor, including most recent video technologies, released as a free software (GPL). Using Kdenlive is investing in a community driven project, which aims to establish relationships between people in order to built the best video tools.
  • Flowblade is a multitrack non-linear video editor for Linux released under GPL 3 license. Flowblade provides powerful tools to mix and filter video and audio for a fast, precise and robust editing experience. Flowblade employs a film-style insert editing model as workflow. In insert editing clips are generally placed tightly after other clips when they are inserted on the timeline. Edits are fine tuned by trimming in and out points of clips or by cutting and deleting parts of clips.
  • VideoLAN Movie Creator is a non-linear editing software for video creation based on libVLC and running on Windows, Linux and Mac OS X! It is free software distributed under the terms of the GPLv2. Alpha.



  • Cinelerra is a Free Linux-based Audio, Images, and Special Effects system created by Adam Williams and was originally uploaded in the fall of 2002 with numerous improvements since that time. If you are new to Cinelerra and would like to see examples of Cinelerra, you can view it here on YouTube and Vimeo. Cinelerra has had many downloads and there are thousands of users of Cinelerra worldwide. Cinelerra has been exhibited at NAB, IBC, Interbee, SIGGRAPH, Linux World, and has been demonstrated and used at most major motion picture studios. Cinelerra has many components and if you are new, take your time, as the whole system is complex and powerful and it takes time to fully comprehend how powerful the program can be when configured correctly. It is our goal here to make it the most powerful and accessible media production system in the world. Cinelerra managers and directors have worked professionally in artistic expression, filmmaking, technology development, software and hardware design consulting and production services and systems development for well over a decade. Adam Williams and Mike Collins have been working together developing and promoting Linux editing systems, starting together in 2000, with Broadcast 2000 and later with Cinelerra starting in 2001. The entire team has been devoted to open systems and advanced Linux production technologies. Collectively, our current and past clients and former employers include most of the Hollywood motion picture and post-production studios, as well as government services contractors, and computer software and hardware technology manufacturers and systems integration companies.


  • LiVES is a Video Editing System. It is designed to be simple to use, yet powerful. It is small in size, yet it has many advanced features. LiVES mixes realtime video performance and non-linear editing in one professional quality application. It will let you start editing and making video right away, without having to worry about formats, frame sizes, or framerates. It is a very flexible tool which is used by both professional VJ's and video editors - mix and switch clips from the keyboard, use dozens of realtime effects, trim and edit your clips in the clip editor, and bring them together using the multitrack timeline. You can even record your performance in real time, and then edit it further or render it straight away.

For the more technically minded, the application is frame and sample accurate, and it can be controlled remotely or scripted for use as a video server. And it supports all of the latest free standards. LiVES is good enough to be used as a VJ tool for professional performances, and as a video editor is capable of creating dazzling clips in a huge variety of formats. For a full list of the features of LiVES, look at the features page.


  • Snowmix - Video mixer for mixing live and recorded video and audio feeds
  • AviGlitch - A Ruby library to destroy your AVI files.



  • Open Effects Association (OFX), a non-profit organization, develops and promotes open standards across the visual effects community. The Association’s initial focus is to improve the OpenFX image processing plug-in standard. This goal of this standard is to reduce development effort and support needed for plug-ins across different compositing and editing host platforms. The founding members come from Assimilate, Autodesk, Digieffects, FilmLight, The Foundry, Genarts and RE:Vision FX. These are companies which have helped artists create ground-breaking VFX shots on nearly every blockbuster movie.
  • OpenFX is an open standard for visual effects plug-ins. It allows plug-ins written to the standard to work on any application that supports the standard. This avoids the current per application fragmentation of plug-in development and support, which causes much heartache to everyone, plug-in developers, application developers and end users alike
  • ButtleOFX is a simple, user-friendly and open source compositing software. It is based on TuttleOFX, an open source, modular and sustainable image processing architecture.
  • https://github.com/shuttleofx/ShuttleOFX - designed to share OpenFX plugins between plugins creators (industrials, developpers, researchers, students, ...) and graphic artists. Following the TuttleOFX initiative, the ambition is to promote a standard way to create image processing algorithms usable across softwares.
  • KALISCOPE is a set of tools and plugins to create a professional pipeline for cinema works. It can also be used to create a telecinema that convert silver films into numeric movies. The goal is to produce reliable sophisticated tools to help artists in their analog/numeric film projects by respecting the quality of their precious images.
  • http://ffdiaporama.tuxfamily.org/ffdiaporama/ ffDiaporama] is an application for creating video sequences consisting of titles, fixed or animated, images or photos, fixed or animated, movie clip, music. These sequences are assembled into a slide show by means of transitions to produce complete videos
  • Advene (Annotate Digital Video, Exchange on the NEt) is an ongoing project in the LIRIS laboratory (UMR 5205 CNRS) at University Claude Bernard Lyon 1. It aims at providing a model and a format to share annotations about digital video documents (movies, courses, conferences...), as well as tools to edit and visualize the hypervideos generated from both the annotations and the audiovisual documents. Teachers, moviegoers, etc. can use them to exchange multimedia comments and analyses about video documents. The project also aims at studying the way that communities of users (teachers, moviegoers, students...) will use these self-publishing tools to share their audiovisual "readings", and to envision new editing and viewing interfaces for interactive comment and analysis of audiovisual content. For more details, see Advene: active reading through hypervideo or other articles in our publication list.


  • dvbcut is a Qt application that allows you to select certain parts of an MPEG transport stream (as received via Digital Video Broadcasting, DVB) and save these parts into a single MPEG output file. It follows a "keyhole surgery" approach where the input video and audio data is mostly kept unchanged, and only very few frames at the beginning and/or end of the selected range are re-encoded in order to obtain a valid MPEG file.



  • http://sourceforge.net/projects/smoothlife/ - Conway's Game of Life is generalized to a continuous domain. OpenGL and GLSL shaders are used for real-time 2D and 3D graphics. Time stepping is done via a real to complex FFT based convolution operation. There are also two deliberately simple test implementations in FreeBasic and Matlab. A 2D version on a sphere shows that it is really not dependent on the underlying grid.

Mixing

  • freemix is a limitless, open to creativity project, in beta stage. The aim is to develop a tool that any videoartist can adapt to it's style, taking advantage of it being free (as in speach) to modification or extension. Later reverting these back to the project. Feel free to drop ideas, comments or even cool code.

VJing

Software

  • FLxER is a audio video mixing software based on Adobe Flash™ tecnology born in 2000. FLxER is free. FLxER application is about 80kb and is available for Windows, MAC, Linux, PocketPC, iPhone, iPad and all the other platform with Flash Player, there is also a fully functionality web version that can be used from every computer connected to internet.
  • FreeJ is a video mixer: an instrument for realtime video manipulation used in the fields of dance theater, veejaying, medical visualization and TV. Its development started in 2001 and continued actively for many years.


  • Videopong is a community dedicated to expanding and connecting the world of VJs and video art. It is a hub to share not only video clips, but everything behind the visuals: source code, interactive patches, executables, and more.


  • Open Sound Control (OSC) is a protocol for communication among computers, sound synthesizers, and other multimedia devices that is optimized for modern networking technology. Bringing the benefits of modern networking technology to the world of electronic musical instruments, OSC's advantages include interoperability, accuracy, flexibility, and enhanced organization and documentation.

Linux

  • v4l2loopback - a kernel module to create V4L2 loopback devices. this module allows you to create "virtual video devices". normal (v4l2) applications will read these devices as if they were ordinary video devices, but the video will not be read from e.g. a capture card but instead it is generated by another application. this allows you for instance to apply apply some nifty video effects on your Skype video... it also allows some more serious things (e.g. I've been using it to add streaming capabilities to an application by the means of hooking GStreamer into the loopback devices).
  • Qeve is a vj software for Gnu/linux. It was born as a prototype for the performance of Qè and after the economic support received by the catalan association Telenoika it has been published as a public vj linux program. The project has evolved and remain just a couples of blogs reviews for historical reason.
  • GemQ is a vj software developed primary for GNU/Linux Operative System and working on all platforms (with little effort). GemQ is based on Pure Data framework, a real-time programming language for multimedia. GemQ is the new version of Qeve, the first version of this project developed with the economic help of catalan association Telenoika and Hangar centre de Arts. GemQ uses Gem Video Library, a porting of opengl library for Pure Data, many externals built-in in the pd-extended version and objects written through python bridge (pyext). The aim of this project is to have an easy to use program for make visuals and video editing in real-time primary on linux platform.
  • PantaliQa is the evolution of GemQ, that it was a vjing program developed in puredata language. PantaliQa is more mature, the code is cleaner and some how it rappresents all the things I have been learning in the last year in programming. The aim of the project is to develop a live video editor tool for real time perfomance with a focus on educational environments.
  • LPMT is a little projection-mapping tool for use in our office, it is developed in C++ using OpenFrameworks. It’s based on simple quad warping paradigm, and, though rather simple, can be used to achieve complex and professional projection-mapping sets.
  • vDome is an application designed to calibrate multiple projectors on a hemispherical dome surface and display a domemaster formatted video, image, or interactive application. vDome is generally used in two ways: 1) as a media player and 2) as a background process that listens to software/hardware input streams.


  • VFX - a software system for manipulating, triggering and mixing digital video clips and loops. There are two main parts to it: the Performer for playing, mixing and manipulating video in real time (not unlike VJamm or Arkaos) and the Compositor for rendering video effects for later use.


Windows

Pure Data

See also Audio#Pure Data

  • Pure Data (aka Pd) is an open source visual programming language. Pd enables musicians, visual artists, performers, researchers, and developers to create software graphically, without writing lines of code. Pd is used to process and generate sound, video, 2D/3D graphics, and interface sensors, input devices, and MIDI. Pd can easily work over local and remote networks to integrate wearable technology, motor systems, lighting rigs, and other equipment. Pd is suitable for learning basic multimedia processing and visual programming methods as well as for realizing complex systems for large-scale projects. 
http://linux4vjs.net/sample-page/

Effects

  • https://github.com/jaromil/HasciiCam - Hasciicam makes it possible to have live ascii video on the web. It captures video from a tv card and renders it into ascii, formatting the output into an html page with a refresh tag or in a live ascii window or in a simple text file as well, giving the possiblity to anybody that has a bttv card. a linux box and a cheap modem line to show a live asciivideo feed that can be browsable without any need for plugin, java etc.
  • slowmoVideo - an OpenSource program that creates slow-motion videos from your footage. But it does not simply make your videos play at 0.01× speed. You can smoothly slow down and speed up your footage, optionally with motion blur. How does slow motion work? slowmoVideo tries to find out where pixels move in the video (this information is called Optical Flow), and then uses this information to calculate the additional frames between the ones recorded by your camera.

Animation


  • Synfig Studio - a free and open-source 2D animation software, designed as powerful industrial-strength solution for creating film-quality animation using a vector and bitmap artwork. It eliminates the need to create animation frame-by frame, allowing you to produce 2D animation of a higher quality with fewer people and resources. Synfig Studio is available for Windows, Linux and MacOS X.


  • OpenToonz - based on the software "Toonz", which was developed by Digital Video S.p.A. in Italy, customized by Studio Ghibli, and has been used for creating its works for many years. Dwango launches this OpenToonz project, in cooperation with Digital Video and Studio Ghibli.


  • Animata is an open source real-time animation software, designed to create animations, interactive background projections for concerts, theatre and dance performances.


  • Linux Stopmotion is a Free Open Source application to create stop-motion animations. It helps you capture and edit the frames of your animation and export them as a single file.


  • “Papagayo - a lip-syncing program designed to line up phonemes (mouth shapes) with the actual recorded sound of actors speaking.



VFX / 3D

  • Gaffer is a general purpose node-based application designed for use in the visual effects industry. It provides basic tools for procedural scene generation, shader authoring, rendering, and image compositing.
  • appleseed is a modern, open source, physically-based rendering engine for VFX and animation.
  • PixelStruct is an opensource tool for visualizing 3D scenes reconstructed from photographs. It uses the opensource structure-from-motion system Bundler, which is based on the same research as Microsoft Live Labs Photosynth.

Detection



  • Motion is a program that monitors the video signal from cameras. It is able to detect if a significant part of the picture has changed; in other words, it can detect motion. See more below.


  • OpenCV (Open Source Computer Vision Library) is an open source computer vision and machine learning software library. OpenCV was built to provide a common infrastructure for computer vision applications and to accelerate the use of machine perception in the commercial products. Being a BSD-licensed product, OpenCV makes it easy for businesses to utilize and modify the code.
  • http://vincent.is/turning-a-laptop-into-cctv/
  • https://github.com/mynameisfiber/timescope - quick code to create a rolling shutter effect... I've been wanting to do this for a long time and finally took the 300cc's of "cowboy the fuck up" necissary to get opencv installed.




Cinema

Streaming

See Streaming, Sharing#Streaming

TV

  • QMagneto is an EPG (Electronic Program Guide) which displays current and future TV programs. It can also program the recording of broadcasts by calling an external program like VLC or mencoder. It is possible to record programs from a BOX (French Neufbox or Freebox) or a DVB-T device.


Articles

Ratings

DVB TV

w_scan -ft -c [country_code] > ~/channels.conf

Viewing

Hardware



Camera

Subtitles


Screenshots

  • movie thumbnailer (mtn) -- saves thumbnails (screenshots) of movie or video files to jpeg files. It uses FFmpeg's libavcodec as its engine, so it supports all popular codecs, e.g. divx h264 mpeg1 mpeg2 mp4 vc1 wmv xvid, and formats, e.g. .3gp .avi .dat .mkv .wmv. mtn is open source software. It should run on all operating systems which have gcc, FFmpeg, and GD, for example, Linux and Windows.

Projection / mapping



  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulldome - refers to immersive dome-based video projection environments. The dome, horizontal or tilted, is filled with real-time (interactive) or pre-rendered (linear) computer animations, live capture images, or composited environments.
  • vDome is an application designed to calibrate multiple projectors on a hemispherical dome surface and display a domemaster formatted video, image, or interactive application. vDome also supports the play back of HD video files. vDome is generally used in two ways: 1) as a media player and 2) as a background process that listens to hardware/software input streams such as cameras, capture cards, and inter-application protocols such as Syphon, Spout, and Video4Linux.


Video wall

Demos and intros

Amiga

(http://www.8bitplus.co.uk/projects/amiga-1200-desktop/)

Flash

Research


Security

Other



  • UbuWeb is a completely independent resource dedicated to all strains of the avant-garde, ethnopoetics, and outsider arts.


  • AVLD is a V4L kernel driver created to simulate a physical recording video device like a webcam or a video capture card. The following non-exhaustive list provides some uses that can be done of AVLD: Send a video via a video conferencing software like Skype, Gmail or Adobe Flash, Capture your screen in realtime with a specific software and share it via a video conferencing software like Skype, Gmail or Adobe Flash, Use it with an image processing (or other) software which has been designed to use a video device as input, In order to use it, you just have to send the video stream on it by using, for instance, mplayer or ffmpeg. That's all you have to do !!


  • Fugio - an open visual programming system designed for rapid development of digital art and other projects. It is designed to enable anyone who wants to work creatively with technology to learn and experiment without needing to get bogged down in how ideas need to be implemented in programming. Fugio has been designed and coded by artist Alex May who uses it for his installations.
  • http://freeframe.sourceforge.net/


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