Vim

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Revision as of 23:39, 14 April 2013 by Milk (talk | contribs) (→‎Folds)
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Vim is a powerful text editor. Keystrokes can be chained together to combine actions, movements and selections into coolness. Folk using Vim 20 years still don't know it all. See also Emacs (and take care of your wrists (and posture)).

todo; rearrange commands into motion, action, etc.

Quick

Guides

Video

  • 7 Habits For Effective Text Editing 2.0
    • "A large percentage of time behind the computer screen is spent on editing text. Investing a little time in learning more efficient ways to use a text editor pays itself back fairly quickly. This presentation will give an overview of the large number of ways of using Vim in a smart way to edit programs, structured text and documentation. Examples will be used to make clear how learning a limited number of habits will avoid wasting time and lower the number of mistakes. Bram Moolenaar is mostly known for being the benevolent dictator of the text editor Vim."

Install

Some scripts require Vim 7.3, but some distros have older builds. You can build 7.3 locally though or use a provision system.

Had syntax issue errors. Rumtime path also should include distro base config..; http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-software-2/vim-syntax-highlight-fails-after-debian-upgrade-378073/

File operations

Command line

vim filename
  edit file (or create a buffer if file doesn't exist)

If you want to start vim with several files in a splitted window, just type; 

vim -o a b c

for the horizontal split, and 

vim -O a b c

for the vertical split.

In Vim

:e filename
  open filename in vim

:w
  save
:w filename
  save as
:q
  quit if saved
:x
  save if changed and quit, same as :wq
ZZ
  save as above
ZQ
  even if not saved (also :q!)

:ex . - explore files in file directory. opens in split pans if file modified.
:Sex - as above but forces split
:Vex - as above but vertical split
:Tex - as above but in new tab
  <enter> - open file
  o - open file in new split buffer

Ctrl-N
  autocomplete keyword forwards
Ctrl-P
  autocomplete keyword backwards

NERD Tree

Moving around

zz - centre screen on cursor
zt - move screen top to cursor
zb - move screen bottom to cursor

Ctrl-e
  Moves screen up one line
Ctrl-y
  Moves screen down one line
Ctrl-u
  Moves screen up ½ page
Ctrl-d
  Moves screen down ½ page
Ctrl-b
  Moves screen up one page
Ctrl-f
  Moves screen down one page [3]

0 - line beginning
^ - first non-whitespace character
$ - line end

e - forward word
E - forward WORD
b - back word
B - back WORD

{ - beginning of previous
} - next paragraph
( - beginning of previous
) - next sentence
% - current brace

/ - find text
* - jump to next occurrence of word
n - repeat forwards
N - repeat backwards
H - cursor to top of screen (high)
M - cursor to middle of screen (middle)
L - cursor to bottom of screen (low)
Ctrl-D  move cursor down half-page
Ctrl-U  move cursor up half-page
gg - start of file
G - end of file
123G - move to line 123
:123 - move to line 123 (easier imo)
ma - mark cursor position 'a'
'a - move to mark position 'a'

Ctrl-O
  move back location
Ctrl-I
  move forward location

gj
  move down a soft linebreak line

Operations

.
  repeat last change. doesn't work with plugin actions without script.
u
  undo last change
Ctrl-u
  undo whilst in insert mode 
U
  undo all changes to current line
Ctrl-r
  redo

i
  insert at cursor
I
  insert at line beginning

a
  append after the cursor
A
  append at the end of the line

o
  add ('open') line below and insert
O
  add line above and insert
x
  delete character under cursor
X
  delete character before cursor

y
  yank (copy) current text
yy
  yank current line
:%y+
  yank all lines to clipboard [4]

p
  paste yanked text after cursor/line
P
  paste yanked text before cursor/line

d - delete and yank (cut)
  df* - delete to (find) and including *
  dl - delete character (alias: "x")
  dd - delete current line including linebreak
  dw - delete to end of word from cursor
  d$ - delete to end of line from cursor
  diw - delete inner word
  diW - delete inner WORD
  daw - delete word, up to delimiter
  daW - delete WORD, including previous space
  dis -   delete inner sentence
  das -  delete a sentence
  dib -  delete inner '(' ')' block
  dab -  delete a '(' ')' block
  dip -  delete inner paragraph
  dap -  delete a paragraph
  diB -  delete inner '{' '}' block
  daB -  delete a '{' '}' block

c - change (delete and insert)
  cc - delete current line including linebreak, insert
  cw - delete to end of word from cursor, insert
  c$ - delete to end of line from cursor, insert
  ciw - delete inner word, insert
  ci" - change inner quoted string
  ci( - change inner brackets
  ci[ - change inner contents of [].. ci], ci) for insert on closing bracket
  caw - change an object
  caW - change an object, including space
  etc.

v - visual select text
  viw - visual inner word
  viw~ - visual inner word, toggle case
  vip - visual inner paragraph
  vec - visual, end of word, change highlighted
V - visual select lines
Ctrl-v - visual select a block

s - change one character and insert

Ctrl-Y - copy character from line above
Ctrl-E - copy character from line below

Ctrl-N - auto-completion next match
Ctrl-P - auto-completion previous match
 
> - indent right
< - indent left

V=  - visual select lines, then reformat with =
= - fix indentation for selection
== - fix indentation for one line

:s/foo/bar/ - search and replace first occurrence
:s/foo/bar/s - search and replace, global current line
:%s/foo/bar/g - search and replace, global whole file
:%s/foo/bar/gc - search and replace, with confirm

:g/text string/d - delete all lines with text string
:!g/text string/d - delete all lines without text string [5]
  :g!/^\s*#/d - delete all lines without a #
qa - start recording macro 'a', q - stop recording
qA - start appending to macro 'a'
@a - play macro a
@@ - execute again
3@a - play macro 3 thrice

:let @a='macrogoeshere' - write macro manually
Ctrl-R Ctrl-R a - insert mode
:let @a='Ctrl-R Ctrl-R a - edit existing macro

Buffers

:b [buffer number of any part of name]
  switch to buffer

set wildchar=<Tab> wildmenu wildmode=full
  with this, :b [tab] gives a menu

Windows

Windows are like tmux panes, awesome clients. Windows can hold file buffers or things like Nerdtree. Tabs are a set of windows. 

:sp [filename]
  open file in new window

Ctrl-W w
  move forward window
Ctrl-W W
  move backwards window

Ctrl-W then h, j, k, l
  select window left, below, above, right

Ctrl-W h
  swap buffer in active window with the window below
Ctrl-W k
  as above, to above
Ctrl-W h
  as above, to left
Ctrl-W l
  as above, to right

Ctrl-W x
  switch windows around

Ctrl-W _
  maximize window horizontally
Ctrl-W |
  maximize window vertically

:qall
  quit all buffer windows on current tab

dwm.vim

map <silent> <C-J> <C-W>w
map <silent> <C-K> <C-W>W
map <silent> <C-,> :call DWM_Rotate(0)<CR>
map <silent> <C-.> :call DWM_Rotate(1)<CR>

map <silent> <C-N> :call DWM_New()<CR>
map <silent> <C-C> :call DWM_Close()<CR>
map <silent> <C-Space> :call DWM_Focus()<CR>
map <silent> <C-@> :call DWM_Focus()<CR>

map <silent> <C-H> :call DWM_GrowMaster()<CR>
map <silent> <C-L> :call DWM_ShrinkMaster()<CR>

Tabs

:tabs
  list tabs

gt
  go to next tab
gT
  go to previous tab
{i}gt
  go to tab in position i

:tab drop {file}
  open {file} in a new tab, or jump to a window/tab containing the file if there is one
:tab split
  copy the current window to a new tab of its own

:tabm [n]
  move tab to nth position
:tabm
  move tab to last
:tab ball
  split all buffers into tabs
:tab help
  open a new help window in its own tab page

:bufdo qall
  send qall command to all tabs
:wqall!
:xall!
  to check

Client/server

Sessions

  • session.vim improves upon Vim's built-in :mksession command by enabling you to easily and (if you want) automatically persist and restore your Vim editing sessions. It works by generating a Vim script that restores your current settings and the arrangement of tab pages and/or split windows and the files they contain.

Undo

Ctrl-g
  create new undo point

Git

:Gwrite - git add file
:Gread - git checkout (revert) open to staged version
:Gremove - git rm and close buffer
:Gmove - git mv file. with /, relative to git root; without, relative to file
:Gcommit - git commit, opens message buffer
:Gblame - open split window with git blame details
:Gbrowse - open Github, else git instaweb for local sevrer

vim#diff resolution: 

:diffget [buffer] - get diff from another buffer
:diffput [buffer] - put diff into another buffer
:diffupdate - update diff colouring
dg - get from other buffer pane (only 2 pane)
dp - put to other buffer pane (works in 3 pane)
[c - jump to previous changeset
]c - jump to next changeset
:only - close buffers other than active

Syntax

HTML

CSS

  • https://github.com/ap/vim-css-color - underlays the hexadecimal CSS colorcodes with their real color. The foreground color is selected appositely. So #FF0000 will look as hot as a fire engine! + Highlighting multiple colors on the same line (not sure if anyone uses it though), rgb and rgba color notation for all those fancy CSS3 niceties

to recheck;

to resort

  • Syntastic is a syntax checking plugin that runs files through external syntax checkers and displays any resulting errors to the user. This can be done on demand, or automatically as files are saved. If syntax errors are detected, the user is notified and is happy because they didn't have to compile their code or execute their script to find them. At the time of this writing, syntax checking plugins exist for applescript, c, coffee, cpp, css, cucumber, cuda, docbk, erlang, eruby, fortran, gentoo_metadata, go, haml, haskell, html, javascript, json, less, lua, matlab, perl, php, puppet, python, rst, ruby, sass/scss, sh, tcl, tex, vala, xhtml, xml, xslt, yaml, zpt

Folds

Folds are sections of text reduced to one line (based on brackets, indentation, etc.). Folding is on by default. I have the foldlevel dialed up to 20 to avoid them. 

zo - open fold
zO - open fold recursively
zc - close fold
zC - close fold resursive
zR - open all folds
zM - close all
zj - go down and up a fold
zk - go up a fold

Arrow keys

Config

I chose /usr/share/config/vim

/usr/local/share/vim is a default $VIMRUNTIME though

Handy

:e scp://root@example.com/~user/folder/.config - open remote file
$ vim scp://root@example.com/~user/folder/.config
:reg - list register contents
K - in normal mode, run man for current word (opens "man word" in shell)

Vimscripts

Management

Finding things

Git

GitHub

Tools

Cursors

Relative line numbers

Services

To sort

to check; 

gc{motion}
  toggle comments (for small comments)
gcc
  toggle comment for the current line
gC{motion}
  comment region
gCc
  comment the current line

System

  • Conque is a Vim plugin which allows you to run interactive programs, such as bash on linux or powershell.exe on Windows, inside a Vim buffer. In other words it is a terminal emulator which uses a Vim buffer to display the program output.

Colour themes

Mouse?

Tmux integration

Javascript

hmm.

Packages and support

Vim everywhere

Textaid

Chrome extension. As Chrome can't spawn child processes, text is passed to a local server which launches Vim.

It's All Text

Firefox extension. Only does textarea, no WYSIWYG support. Doesn't launch Vim correctly be default if FF not launched from terminal.

Other

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