JavaScript

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Revision as of 00:28, 14 April 2013 by Milk (talk | contribs) (→‎Paradigms)
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todo; sort this mess

General

  • ECMAScript wiki - for the ongoing specification work of Ecma TC39, the technical committee tasked with standardization of the ECMAScript programming language. Most of the wiki is world-readable, meaning that anyone can view the pages. Certain sections are restricted to members of the technical committee.
  • A Survey of the JavaScript Programming Language - This document is an introduction to the JavaScript Programming Language for professional programmers. It is a small language, so if you are familiar with other languages, then this won't be too demanding. Douglas Crockford, 2002

Learning

Online cources

Screencasts

Books

  • JSbooks - The best free JavaScript resources

Articles

Videos

Games

Specs

CommonJS

  • CommonJS - JavaScript spec does not define a standard library that is useful for building a broader range of applications. The CommonJS API will fill that gap by defining APIs that handle many common application needs, ultimately providing a standard library as rich as those of Python, Ruby and Java. The intention is that an application developer will be able to write an application using the CommonJS APIs and then run that application across different JavaScript interpreters and host environments.

Paradigms

Patterns

Programming style

Code formatting

  • idiomatic.js - Principles of Writing Consistent, Idiomatic JavaScript. This is a living document and new ideas for improving the code around us are always welcome. Contribute: fork, clone, branch, commit, push, pull request.

Syntax

Comments

// this is a comment

/* this is
a multiline
comment */

Operators

Statements

Primitives

Values and Variables

var varname1 [= value1 [, varname2 [, varname3 ... [, varnameN]]]];
  Declares a variable, optionally initializing it to a value.

Strings

  • "A newline character is written like \"\\n\"."

Arrays and Objects

number

Data types

Strings

.length

var x = 'some string';
alert(x.charAt(0)); // alerts 's'

alert(x.substring(0,1));

var my_car="Cat";
var where_is_a=my_car.indexOf('a');
alert('The a is at position '+where_is_a+'.');

var where_is_mytool="home/mytool/mytool.cgi";
var mytool_array=where_is_mytool.split("/");
alert(mytool_array[0]+" "+mytool_array[1]+" "+mytool_array[2]);

Functions

Loading

<script type="text/javascript">
  document.write("Hello world!");
</script>

<script src="javascript/project.js"></script>

Async

AMD

DOM

Chrome Developer Tools; 

window
   in console to see DOM tree, or set breakpoint for first line

Guides

Events

onload = script [CT]
 The onload event occurs when the user agent finishes loading a window or all frames within a FRAMESET. This attribute may be used with BODY and FRAMESET elements.
onunload = script [CT]
 The onunload event occurs when the user agent removes a document from a window or frame. This attribute may be used with BODY and FRAMESET elements.
onclick = script [CT]
 The onclick event occurs when the pointing device button is clicked over an element. This attribute may be used with most elements.
ondblclick = script [CT]
 The ondblclick event occurs when the pointing device button is double clicked over an element. This attribute may be used with most elements.
onmousedown = script [CT]
  The onmousedown event occurs when the pointing device button is pressed over an element. This attribute may be used with most elements.
onmouseup = script [CT]
  The onmouseup event occurs when the pointing device button is released over an element. This attribute may be used with most elements.
onmouseover = script [CT]
  The onmouseover event occurs when the pointing device is moved onto an element. This attribute may be used with most elements.
onmousemove = script [CT]
  The onmousemove event occurs when the pointing device is moved while it is over an element. This attribute may be used with most elements.
onmouseout = script [CT]
  The onmouseout event occurs when the pointing device is moved away from an element. This attribute may be used with most elements.
onfocus = script [CT]
  The onfocus event occurs when an element receives focus either by the pointing device or by tabbing navigation. This attribute may be used with the following elements: A, AREA, LABEL, INPUT, SELECT, TEXTAREA, and BUTTON.
onblur = script [CT]
  The onblur event occurs when an element loses focus either by the pointing device or by tabbing navigation. It may be used with the same elements as onfocus.
onkeypress = script [CT]
  The onkeypress event occurs when a key is pressed and released over an element. This attribute may be used with most elements.
onkeydown = script [CT]
  The onkeydown event occurs when a key is pressed down over an element. This attribute may be used with most elements.
onkeyup = script [CT]
  The onkeyup event occurs when a key is released over an element. This attribute may be used with most elements.
onsubmit = script [CT]
  The onsubmit event occurs when a form is submitted. It only applies to the FORM element.
onreset = script [CT]
  The onreset event occurs when a form is reset. It only applies to the FORM element.
onselect = script [CT]
  The onselect event occurs when a user selects some text in a text field. This attribute may be used with the INPUT and TEXTAREA elements.
onchange = script [CT]
  The onchange event occurs when a control loses the input focus and its value has been modified since gaining focus. This attribute applies to the following elements: INPUT, SELECT, and TEXTAREA.

document

document.getElementsByTagName('body')
document.getElementById('yourid').style.backgroundColor = "#f3f3f3";
document.getElementsByClassName('body')

window

window.prompt
  Displays a dialog with a message prompting the user to input some text.

window.scrollY aka window.pageYOffset
  returns the number of pixels that the document has already been scrolled vertically.
window.scrollX

window.innerHeight
window.innerWidth

element

element.clientHeight
  returns the inner height of an element in pixels, including padding but not the horizontal scrollbar height, border, or margin.

element.offsetParent
  reference to the object which is the closest (nearest in the containment hierarchy) positioned containing element.
element.offsetHeight
  height of an element relative to the element's offsetParent.

element.scrollTop 
  scrollTop gets or sets the number of pixels that the content of an element is scrolled upward.

element.onclick = functionRef;
The onclick property returns the onClick event handler code on the current element.

Shadow DOM

Not widely implemented.

Firefox

APIs

Engines

JSON

  • JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a lightweight data-interchange format. It is easy for humans to read and write. It is easy for machines to parse and generate. It is based on a subset of the JavaScript Programming Language, Standard ECMA-262 3rd Edition - December 1999. JSON is a text format that is completely language independent but uses conventions that are familiar to programmers of the C-family of languages, including C, C++, C#, Java, JavaScript, Perl, Python, and many others. These properties make JSON an ideal data-interchange language.
  • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSON
  • https://developer.mozilla.org/en/JSON
  • Getting Started with JSON - You send data in a JSON format between different parts of your system. API results are often returned in JSON format, for example. JSON is a lightweight format which makes for easy reading if you're even the least bit familiar with JavaScript.
  • JSON-LD (JavaScript Object Notation for Linking Data) is a lightweight Linked Data format that gives your data context. It is easy for humans to read and write. It is easy for machines to parse and generate. It is based on the already successful JSON format and provides a way to help JSON data interoperate at Web-scale. If you are already familiar with JSON, writing JSON-LD is very easy. These properties make JSON-LD an ideal Linked Data interchange language for JavaScript environments, Web service, and unstructured databases such as CouchDB and MongoDB.

Tools

  • jq is like sed for JSON data – you can use it to slice and filter and map and transform structured data with the same ease that sed, awk, grep and friends let you play with text.

Offline

Repos

  • JSAN - JavaScript Archive Network

CDN

Testing

  • QUnit is a powerful, easy-to-use JavaScript unit test suite. It’s used by the jQuery, jQuery UI and jQuery Mobile projects and is capable of testing any generic JavaScript code, including itself!.

Documentation

  • JsDoc Toolkit is an application, written in JavaScript, for automatically generating template-formatted, multi-page HTML (or XML, JSON, or any other text-based) documentation from commented JavaScript source code.

JS based

CofeeScript

  • CoffeeScript is a programming language that transcompiles to JavaScript. The language adds syntactic sugar inspired by Ruby, Python and Haskell[1] to enhance JavaScript's brevity and readability, and add more sophisticated features like list comprehension and pattern matching.
  • IcedCoffeeScript is a superset of CoffeeScript. The iced interpreter is a drop-in replacement for the standard coffee interpreter; it will interpret almost all existing CoffeeScript programs.

Coco

  • Coco is a CoffeeScript dialect that aims to be more radical and practical. On its way to hide JavaScript's bad parts, CoffeeScript has accumulated own quirks: horrible variable scope, awkward ranges, confusing and/or pointless keywords, verbose file extension, and so on. Coco tries to amend them, entwining good parts of both.

LiveScript

  • LiveScript is Coco but much more compatible with CoffeeScript, more functional, and more feature rich. LiveScript aims for increased expressiveness and code beauty. While adding features to assist in functional style programming, LiveScript also deeply supports imperative and object oriented programming, and has an optional class system with inheritance, calls to super, and more.

LLJS

  • LLJS is a typed dialect of JavaScript that offers a C-like type system with manual memory management. It compiles to JavaScript and lets you write memory-efficient and GC pause-free code less painfully, in short, LLJS is the bastard child of JavaScript and C. LLJS is early research prototype work, so don't expect anything rock solid just yet. The research goal here is to explore low-level statically typed features in a high-level dynamically typed language. Think of it as inline assembly in C, or the unsafe keyword in C#. It's not pretty, but it gets the job done.

DubJS

  • DubJS is a dialect of JavaScript for making web apps with minimal effort. It comes with a strong core framework, and is designed for building any kind of web app, whether it be an entirely dynamic single-page app, a pre-generated static site,1 or something in between. It's focus is client-side development, and as such can be used in combination with your favourite server-side tools.

LispyScript

  • LispyScript - A javascript With Lispy Syntax And Macros! An inherent problem with Javascript is that it has no macro support, unlike other Lisp like languages. That's because macros manipulate the syntax tree while compiling. And this is next to impossible in a language like Javascript. In LispyScript we write Javascript in a tree structure. If you know Javascript and a Lisp like language, then using LispyScript will be a breeze. Even if you don't know a Lispy Language, all you need to learn is to write code in a tree structure.

haxe JS

Lua

  • Colony compiles JavaScript to Lua 5.1 source code, that requires only a small support library. Colony can be used in any Lua application supporting the debug library (enabled in Lua 5.1 by default). Colony is experimental.
  • ljs - Lua VM implemented in Javascript
  • lua.js - node.js, lua to javascript compiler, nee lua2js-experiment

Tampermonkey

  • Tampermonkey is a tool that provides Greasemonkey script support for Google Chrome and Chromium Browser. It's API is fully compatible to Greasemonkey, including GM_registerMenuCommand, GM_xmlhttpRequest with cross domain support and access to the unsafeWindow object.

Continuum

  • Continuum is a JavaScript virtual machine built in JavaScript. It assembles bytecode from sourcecode and executes it in an ES6 runtime environment. The code of the VM is written in ES3, which means it can run in browsers as old as IE6 (though currently it's only regularly tested in IE8+ and there's probably some kinks to work out in older IE's).
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