Difference between revisions of "Science"

Revision as of 03:09, 6 June 2014

this is an organically evolving personal wiki-form knowledge base with on-the-fly, copy-edited n otherwise curated patchworks of folksnomies n headings containing trails n spirals of topics, descriptions, notes, breadcrumbs n stubs, links to sites, systems, software, manuals, organisations, people, articles, guides, slides, papers, books, comments, videos, screencasts, webcasts, scratchpads, etc | content is orientated towards mostly free/libre/open, mostly Linux | quality and age varies drastically | sometimes old things are first, sometimes last | Ctrl + mouse wheel to zoom in if text is too small | use the Table of Contents menu to navigate long pages | use the header -ToC links to shrink n expand the menu | link rot? Wayback Machine! | probably need to fix the theme CSS after an update | Chat to msg me (this I am not checking atm) | e

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 * http://www.crispian.net/CrispiansScienceMap.html
-== Physics ==
+* [[Physics]]
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimental_physics
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoretical_physics
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_physics
-* http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/hph.html
-* http://www.sixtysymbols.com/
-* http://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/I_toc.html
-* http://www.learner.org/resources/series42.html
-* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_mechanics
-* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galilean_invariance
-* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_relativity
-** [http://www.muppetlabs.com/~breadbox/txt/al.html Albert Einstein's Theory of Relativity] - In Words of Four Letters or Less
-* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_relativity
-=== Standard Model ===
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model
-** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model_(mathematical_formulation)
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchy_problem
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_(mathematics)
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minkowski_space
-** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poincar%C3%A9_group
-** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_transformation
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implicate_and_explicate_order
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_light
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_gravity
-* https://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/Relativity/GR/grav_speed.html
-photons don't know time; time moves at the speed of light.
-* http://www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/teaching/HPS_0410/chapters/index.html
-=== Energy ===
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy
-** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_state
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiant_energy - the energy of electromagnetic radiation
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb's_law
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_charge
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_carrier
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirchhoff's_circuit_laws
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_charge - ''e''
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spontaneous_emission
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy
-=== Forces ===
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force
-==== Electromagnetism ====
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetism
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_force
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_wave
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation
-==== Strong nuclear ====
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_interaction
-==== Weak nuclear ====
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak_interaction
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroweak_interaction
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_units
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_units
-* http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/181620-2-billion-year-old-african-nuclear-reactor-proves-that-mother-nature-still-has-a-few-tricks-up-her-sleeve
-==== Gravity ====
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitation
-** http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_constant
-** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_interaction_of_antimatter
-* A rubber sheet can be mapped to a scalar theory of gravity
-* Relativity is a tensor field theory
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_wave
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_gravity
-==== Unified ====
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_field_theory
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroweak_interaction
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroweak_scale
-=== Field theory ===
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_(physics)
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar_field
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_field
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinor_field
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar_field_theory
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective_field_theory
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multipole_expansion -  a mathematical series representing a function that depends on angles — usually the two angles on a sphere
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrupole
-=== Cosmology ===
-See also [[Space]]
-* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacetime
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space#Physics
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_cosmology
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universe
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observable_universe
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_the_universe
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology_of_the_universe
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmological_principle - an axiom that embodies the working assumption or premise that the distribution of matter in the universe is homogeneous and isotropic when viewed on a large enough scale, since the forces are expected to act uniformly throughout the universe
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda-CDM_model
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation_(cosmology)
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflaton - scalar field
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflationary_epoch
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_expansion_of_space
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_neutrino_background - a relic of the big bang, decoupled from matter when the universe was 2 seconds old
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino_decoupling - the epoch at which neutrinos ceased interacting with baryonic matter
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_microwave_background - decoupled from matter when the universe was 379,000 years old
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outer_space
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar_medium - the matter that exists in the space between the star systems in a galaxy, includes gas in ionic, atomic, and molecular form, dust, and cosmic rays
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar_cloud - the generic name given to an accumulation of gas, plasma and dust in our and other galaxies. Put differently, an interstellar cloud is a denser-than-average region of the interstellar medium
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_cloud - type of interstellar cloud whose density and size permits the formation of molecules, most commonly molecular hydrogen
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warm–hot_intergalactic_medium
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_morphological_classification
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiral_galaxy
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_cluster
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_cluster
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulge_(astronomy) -  tightly packed group of stars within a larger formation, almost exclusively refers to the central group of stars found in most spiral galaxies
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactic_Center
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globular_cluster
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_cluster
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intracluster_medium - superheated plasma present at the center of a galaxy cluster
-=== Particles ===
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subatomic_particle
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_particle
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_particles
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Particle_overview.svg
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force_carrier
-WP: Subatomic_particle
-* http://www.damninteresting.com/absolute-zero-is-0k [https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7814466]
-=== Boson ===
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force_carrier
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_boson - a boson with the spin quantum number equal to 1
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_boson
-** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_theory
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photons - carry the electromagnetic interaction
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons - carry the weak interaction
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon - strong interaction
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_field
-** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_boson
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiparticle
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimatter
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron%E2%80%93positron_annihilation
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antihydrogen
-=== Atomic ===
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_physics - deals with the atom as a system consisting of a nucleus and electrons
-** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic,_molecular,_and_optical_physics
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom - a basic unit of matter that consists of a dense central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons.
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_nucleus - contains a mix of positively charged protons and electrically neutral neutrons (except in the case of hydrogen-1, which is the only stable nuclide with no neutrons)
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleon
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_units
-** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass
-** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass_unit
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_number - the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom and therefore identical to the charge number of the nucleus
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_element
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table
-* http://www.periodictable.com/
-* http://www.periodicvideos.com/
-* http://table.minutephysics.com/
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_number
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotope
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_physics - considers atomic nuclei alone
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scattering
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactive
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactive_decay
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-life
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_reaction
-** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fusion_reaction
-** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fission
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_particle
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_particle
-** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_decay
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_ray
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_decay
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion - an atom or molecule in which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons, giving the atom a net positive or negative electrical charge
-** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionizing_radiation
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_theory
-=== Matter ===
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matter
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter
-** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_of_matter
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter)
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid
-** http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal
-*** http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasicrystal
-**** https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a0wo_yAh0Ps
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_(physics)
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bose%E2%80%93Einstein_condensate
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_dark_matter
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warm_dark_matter
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_dark_matter
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion - an atom or molecule in which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons, giving the atom a net positive or negative electrical charge
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid-state_physics
-* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band_gap
-* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor
-* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degenerate_matter
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QCD_matter
-*https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4952180
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics
-=== Fermion ===
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion - spin-1⁄2 particle
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepton - does not undergo strong interactions
-** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron
-** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon
-** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_(particle)
-* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_configuration
-* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_shell
-* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_electron
-* http://everything2.com/user/Oolong/writeups/Octet+Rule
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino
-** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_neutrino
-** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon_neutrino
-** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_neutrino
-** https://www.simonsfoundation.org/quanta/20131010-neutrino-experiment-intensifies-effort-to-explain-matter-antimatter-asymmetry/
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark
-** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryon - composite subatomic particle made up of three quarks
-** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron
-** http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson
-*** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mesons
-* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron
-* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pion
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eightfold_way_(physics)
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_model
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CKM_matrix
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up_quark
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_quark
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange_quark
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom_quark
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_quark
-=== Quantum ===
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanics
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_quantum_mechanics
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum
-* http://www.iafe.uba.ar/e2e/phys230/history/moon.pdf
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_formulation_of_quantum_mechanics
-* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_constant - quantum of action in quantum mechanics. first described as the proportionality constant between the energy (E) of a photon and the frequency (ν) of its associated electromagnetic wave
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_number
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantization_(physics)
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_(physics)
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isospin - a quantum number related to the strong interaction
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strangeness
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charm_(quantum_number)
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_state
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_superposition
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eigenstates
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operator_(physics)
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density_matrix
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavefunction
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavefunction_collapse
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measurement_in_quantum_mechanics
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_tomography - the process of reconstructing the quantum state for a source of quantum systems by measurements on the systems coming from the source
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_decoherence
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_field_theory
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability_amplitude
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scattering_amplitude
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scattering_length
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feynman_diagram
-* http://arstechnica.com/science/2013/12/a-quantum-revolution-against-feynman-diagrams/
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_state
-* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_electrodynamics
-** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QED_vacuum
-* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_chromodynamics
-** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QCD_vacuum
-* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zCSIP1CIxl8 R. P. Feynman and his problems in QCD/QED]
-* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YHTt6LGW9s0 Particle Interactions, QED and QCD: An Introduction - Part 1]
-* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renormalization
-* http://arstechnica.com/science/2012/09/weak-measurements-show-quantum-uncertainty-is-inherent/
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perturbation_theory_(quantum_mechanics)
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_particles
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polariton
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yang%E2%80%93Mills_theory
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidden_variable_theory
-* arXiv.org: [http://arxiv.org/abs/1204.4616 There are no particles, there are only fields]
-* arXiv.org: [http://arxiv.org/abs/1403.7686 Computational Solution to Quantum Foundational Problems]
-** [https://medium.com/the-physics-arxiv-blog/7ef5eea6fd7a The Astounding Link Between the P≠NP Problem and the Quantum Nature of Universe]
-* https://www.simonsfoundation.org/quanta/20140416-times-arrow-traced-to-quantum-source/ [https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7601969]
-==== Statistics ====
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_statistics
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_statistical_mechanics
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bose%E2%80%93Einstein_statistics
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin-statistics_theorem
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin_(physics)
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauli_exclusion_principle
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generation_(particle_physics)
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flavour_(particle_physics)
-=== Mass ===
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_mass
-** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton_wavelength
-** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzschild_radius
-=== Molecular ===
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_physics
-=== Beyond the Standard Model ===
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyond_the_standard_model
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_unification_theory
-** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgi-Glashow_model
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_everything
-* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_universe_hypothesis
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_genesis
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersymmetry
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_theory
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_(M-theory)
-* https://www.superstringtheory.com/
-* https://xkcd.com/171/
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosonic_string_theory
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superstring_theory
-* https://whystringtheory.com/
-* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y-Gk_Ddhr0M Garrett Lisi: A theory of everything]
-* [https://www.simonsfoundation.org/quanta/20130917-a-jewel-at-the-heart-of-quantum-physics/ A Jewel at the Heart of Quantum Physics] [https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=6403285]
-* [http://www.scottaaronson.com/blog/?p=1537 The Unitarihedron: The Jewel at the Heart of Quantum Computing] [https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=6421017]
-* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQF7kkWjVWMf
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-energy_universe
-* http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn24473-entangled-toy-universe-shows-time-may-be-an-illusion.html#.UmtMd2Rgbes
-* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_universe_hypothesis
-* http://discovermagazine.com/2013/dec/13-math-made-flesh
 == Chemistry ==

Difference between revisions of "Science"

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