HTML/CSS

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to merge from bits of design. aaand break out. and generally sort.

Standards

HTML

CSS

Docs, guides, etc.

Basics

  • A Beginner’s Guide to HTML & CSS is a simple and comprehensive guide dedicated to helping beginners learn HTML and CSS. Outlining the fundamentals, this guide works through all common elements of front-end design and development.

Resources

Articles

Project basics

Favicon

Project templates

Resets, normalize, etc.

Different browsers have different defaults.

Polyfills, shim/shivs

For fixing the lack of HTML5/CSS3 support in older browsers.

  • Modernizr is a small JavaScript library that detects the availability of native implementations for next-generation web technologies, i.e. features that stem from the HTML5 and CSS3 specifications. Many of these features are already implemented in at least one major browser (most of them in two or more), and what Modernizr does is, very simply, tell you whether the current browser has this feature natively implemented or not.]

Filters

Structure and elements

  • sections;
    • body, section, nav, article, aside, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, hgroup, header, footer, address
  • grouping;
    • p, hr, pre, blockquote, ol, ul, li, dl, dt, dd, figure, figcaption, div
  • text level;
    • a, em, strong, small, s, cite, q, dfn, abbr, data, time, code, var, samp, kbd, sub/sup, i, b, u, mark, ruby, rt, rp, bdi, bdo, span, br, wbr

Lists

From Wikipedia; 

list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);

Forms and buttons

Pseudo-elements

q::before { content: "»" }
q::after { content: '«' }

Was just one colon, but CSS3 added another to distinguish from pseudo-classes. 

content: "";
  needed to display

Units

  • 1em - element font size (affected by element nesting depth)
  • 1rem - root element font size
  • 1em = 16px (by default anyway)
  • 1px (css pixel) = 1/96in
  • 1vp = 1% viewport width
  • 1in (inch) = 2.539954cm
  • 1pt (point) = 1/72in
  • 1pc (pica) = 12pt

rem

v*

100vw == window.width

examples

color

Selectors

h1 + h2
  <h1></h1><h2></h2>

h1 > h2
  <h1><h2></h2></h1>

Specificity

p has a specificity of 1 (1 HTML)
div p has a specificity of 2 (2 HTML; 1+1)
.sith has a specificity of 10 (1 class)
div p.sith has a specificity of 12 (2 HTML and a class; 1+1+10)
#sith has a specificity of 100 (1 id)
body #darkside .sith p has a specificity of 112 (HTML, id, class, HTML; 1+100+10+1)

[2] [3] ([4]),[5]

http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4388649

Pseudo-classes

From Pseudo Class Selectors;

root - Selects the element that is at the root of the document. Almost certainly will select the <html> element, unless you are specifically working in some weird environment that somehow also allows CSS. Perhaps XML.
first-child - Selects the first element of its type within a parent.
last-child - Selects the last element of its type within a parent.
nth-child(N) - Selects elements based on a simple provided algebraic expression (e.g. "2n" or "4n-1"). Has the ability to do things like select even/odd elements, "every third", "the first five", and things like that. Covered in more detail here with a tester tool.
nth-of-type(N) - Works like :nth-child, but used in places where the elements at the same level are of different types. Like if inside a div you had a number of paragraphs and a number of images. You wanted to select all the odd images. :nth-child won't work there, you'd use div img:nth-of-type(odd). Particularly useful when working with definition lists and their alternating -dt- and -dd- elements.
first-of-type - Selects the first element of this type within any parent. So if you have two divs, each had within it a paragraph, image, paragraph, image. Then div img:first-of-type would select the first image inside the first div and the first image inside the second div.
last-of-type - Same as above, only would select the last image inside the first div and the last image inside the second div.
nth-last-of-type(N) - Works like :nth-of-type, but it counts up from the bottom instead of the top.
nth-last-child(N) - Works like :nth-child, but it counts up from the bottom instead of the top.
only-of-type - Selects only if the element is the only one of its kind within the current parent.

Layout

display

display: block - default 100% width, flows vertically
display: inline - consumes width of content, flows horizontally
display: inline-block
display: table-cell - vertical align method [6]
  http://www.quirksmode.org/css/display.html

float

float - floats element next to containing box or other floated element

position

position: absolute - out of flow
position: fixed

vertival align

overflow

http://colinaarts.com/articles/the-magic-of-overflow-hidden/

z-index

z-index works only on absolute or relative positioned elements.

via js; 

object.style.zIndex="1"

flexbox

Tips

css is stoopid

Text

Text stroke

Webkit only.

Properties

border

background

linear-gradient

mask

white-space

Sprites

ls
  1.png  2.gif  dot.png  phoney.gif  tw.gif
convert *png *gif -append result/result-sprite.png

Data

Animations

Transitions

Transforms

  • CSS3Warp is a small (<8kb minified unzipped) javascript library for warping any HTML text around an arbitrary path. Text will look as if it were created with Illustrator's attach-to-path tool. Anyway it is pure HTML text that can be styled with CSS, copied and crawled. csswarp works standalone and does not rely on jQuery or another library (a jQuery plugin is in the works though). csswarp.js offers an extensive number of settings to adjust text warping. Right now it will work in every modern browser that supports css3 transforms. Support for IE versions <9 is planned for a future release.

Filters

Canvas

Microdata

Header, footer

Outline

Full screen

Shapes

Misc

Frameworks

Accessibility

See also Design

Headings should not be removed using display:none, because it removes the headings from assistive technology. Instead headings can be made invisible to sighted users using CSS class="element-invisible". [10]

Markup

Future

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