Git

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Revision as of 00:07, 31 December 2012 by Milk (talk | contribs) (→‎Config)
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Reference

  • github-cli - command-line interface to GitHub's Issues API (v2)

See also; Vim#Git

Guides

Articles

Consider how a common Git workflow falls apart.

Create a branch off Master, do work, and merge it back into Master when you’re done

Most of the time this behaves as you expect because Master changed since you branched. Then one day you merge a feature branch into Master, but Master hasn’t diverged. Instead of creating a merge commit, Git points Master to the latest commit on the feature branch, or “fast forwards.” (Diagram)

Unfortunately, your feature branch contained checkpoint commits, frequent commits that back up your work but captures the code in an unstable state. Now these commits are indistinguishable from Master’s stable commits. You could easily roll back into a disaster.

Config

git config --global --edit
  open config file in editor

git config --global user.name "Your Name Here"
git config --global user.email "your_email@youremail.com"
git config color.ui true
  turns on colour for everything
git config format.pretty oneline
git config --global push.default matching
  (will be default soon)

git config --global credential.helper 'cache --timeout=3600'

The credential helper only works when you clone an HTTPS repo URL. If you use the SSH repo URL instead, SSH keys are used for authentication.

Aliases

Commands

Repo config

  • git config receive.denyCurrentBranch warn - allow pushing to a non-base repo
git repo-config core.sharedRepository true - allow access by multiple users

Changing files

git add .
  add file to Index (staging)
git add *
  add all (except those in .gitignore) files to Index
git add -p
  add hunks seperatly [3]

git reset --hard HEAD
  reset any uncommitted changes in Index
git reset --hard origin/master
  reset from remote master

git pull origin master
  get master branch from origin remote
git push otherrepo <branch>
  stick branch on otherrepo remote

Commiting

Committing moves files from Index into HEAD. 

git commit -m Commit message goes here.

git commit -a
  git adds at the same time

git commit --amend
  without file change, alter last commit msg

Branching and merging

git branch
  list branches with current starred
git branch -a
  list branches (including remote)

git branch <branch>
  create branch
git branch -d <branch>
  delete branch

git checkout <branch>
  switch to working on <branch>
git checkout -b <branch>
  same as "git branch <branch> | git checkout <branch>"

git checkout -- <file>
  checkout file from HEAD
git checkout - - check out previous branch

git merge <branch>
  merge branch, keep branch in commit log
git rebase <branch> - fast-forward merge current to <branch> (?)
git diff master <branch> - show difference between master and another branch

git branch --set-upstream master origin/master
  Branch master set up to track remote branch master from origin.

Diffs

git diff
  diff changes
git diff --cached
  diff changes Link titlein staging

Remotes

git remote add origin <server>
git remote show origin

Conflicts

git mergetool

git mergetool -t opendiff

Meld GUI is worth checking.

Tags

git tag - list repo tags
git tag 1.0 <sha> - tag <sha> (branch+commit hash) with 1.0
git log - list commits with message and sha
  A better git log [4]

Submodules

git submodule add git@mygithost:project goes/here --branch x.y
git submodule add --branch 7.x-1.x git://git.drupal.org/project/examples.git in/folder
git submodule update --init - bootstrap submodules listed in .gitmodules after cloning somewhere
git submodule foreach git pull origin master - update all submodules

git submodule add git@mygithost:billboard [path/optional]

git submodule init
git submodule update

Patches

git diff > change.patch - create a patch
git diff > [description]-[issue-number]-[comment-number].patch - create a Drupal patch
git apply -v <patch> - apply patch. also;
curl https://github.com/github/jobs/pull/25.patch | git am

Log

.gitignore

  • man gitignore - Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore

Archive to tar

git archive [5]
  default output is tar
git archive master | tar -x -C /somewhere/else
  pipe to extraction
git archive --format=tar --remote=git@server:repo.git master | tar -xf -

also, Legit.

CLI tools

Zsh prompt symbols

Status:
✔:	repository clean
●n:	there are n staged files
✖n:	there are n unmerged files
✚n:	there are n changed but unstaged files
…:	there are some untracked files

Branch:
↑n:	ahead of remote by n commits
↓n:	behind remote by n commits
↓m↑n:	branches diverged, other by m commits, yours by n commits
::	hash, not a branch

Ncurses

other

GUI

Handy

Services

GitHub

  • willitmerge - A command line tool to check if pull requests are mergeable.
  • Ost.io ("open-source talks") is a forum for open-source projects and the best place for discussing project stuff with other users. It is tightly integrated with GitHub.

Gist

Other

Repos

Git used for private repo, with Gitweb for easy overview.

For a public setup, a hosting system with access control like gitosis or gitolite is required, or for public read only, git-daemon would do.

GitLab

to sort

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