Typography

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Revision as of 21:42, 14 September 2020 by Milk (talk | contribs) (→‎Basics)
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Formats

See also Data#Encoding




  • https://github.com/robey/font-problems - a command-line tool for reading and writing console bitmap fonts. These are fonts described by a rectangular pixel matrix, used for small hardware projects like light-up signs or low-resolution terminals.


PSF

  • NAFE - not a consolefont editor, but a toolset to translate psf format consolefonts into text files and text files into psf files. the advantage is that you can edit the font in the text file easily with any text editor (not provided by nafe)

BDF

  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyph_Bitmap_Distribution_Format - BDF, by Adobe is a file format for storing bitmap fonts. The content takes the form of a text file intended to be human- and computer-readable. BDF is typically used in Unix X Window environments. It has largely been replaced by the PCF font format which is somewhat more efficient, and by scalable fonts such as OpenType and TrueType fonts.


PCF

PostScript

  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PostScript_fonts - are font files encoded in outline font specifications developed by Adobe Systems for professional digital typesetting. This system uses PostScript file format to encode font information."PostScript fonts" may also separately be used to refer to a basic set of fonts included as standards in the PostScript system, such as Times, Helvetica and Avant Garde.

TrueType


OpenType


SFNT / OTB

  • Bitmap fonts in XFree86, X.Org and the FD X server - "We will use “bitmap-only TrueType fonts”, more properly known as “bitmap fonts in a SFNT wrapper” as the preferred format for bitmap fonts. This format has all the features that we require: random-access; as compact as compressed PCF (sometimes more so); allows the inclusion of OpenType-formatted metadata.



SVGinOT

Type




Antiqua

Serif



















Baskerville

Sans-serif






















  • B612 - a highly legible open source font family designed and tested to be used on aircraft cockpit screens. [11]



  • Overpass Font - An open source font family inspired by Highway Gothic.Sponsored by Red Hat — Created by Delve Fonts



  • https://github.com/impallari/Dosis - a very simple, rounded, sans serif family. The lighter weights are minimalist. The bolder weights have more personality. The medium weight is nice and balanced. The overall result is a family that's clean and modern, and can express a wide range of voices & feelings. It's also full of alternate glyphs so you can play arround and have fun. * https://github.com/eliheuer/dosis-vf - In 2018 Dosis was remastered as a variable font.


  • https://github.com/rsms/inter - a typeface specially designed for user interfaces with focus on high legibility of small-to-medium sized text on computer screens.


Humanist







  • Inter UI - a typeface specially designed for user interfaces with focus on high legibility of small-to-medium sized text on computer screens. The family features a tall x-height to aid in readability of mixed-case and lower-case text. Several OpenType features are provided as well, like contextual alternates that adjusts punctuation depending on the shape of surrounding glyphs, slashed zero for when you need to disambiguate "0" from "o", tabular numbers, etc. [16]



  • https://github.com/huytd/haskplex-font - combined version of Hasklig (bold + regular style) and IBM Plex Mono (italic + bold italic style) fonts. The font family has been renamed into Haskplex.

Heading


Slab serif

Monospace




  • Inconsolata - a monospace font, designed for code listings and the like, in print. First and foremost, Inconsolata is a humanist sans design. I strove for the clarity and clean lines of Adrian Frutiger's Avenir (the lowercase "a", in particular, pays homage to this wonderful design), but also looked to Morris Fuller Benton's Franklin Gothic family for guidance on some of my favorite glyphs, such as lowercase "g" and "S", and, most especially, the numerals. Designing a monospace font poses unique challenges. I have carefully studied many other monospaced fonts to see how they solve these problems. Many of the available monospace fonts are adaptations of existing proportionally-spaced fonts, but some, such as Letter Gothic, draw strength from being their own designs. I hope Inconsolata upholds that tradition.










  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menlo_(typeface) - a monospaced sans-serif typeface designed by Jim Lyles. The face first shipped with Mac OS X Snow Leopard. Menlo is based upon the Open Source font Bitstream Vera and the public domain font Deja Vu.



  • http://larsenwork.com/monoid - Monoid is customizable and optimized for coding with bitmap-like sharpness at 12px/9pt even on low res displays.




  • Windows 8x12 Console Font Unicode - a TrueType version of monospace Terminal font with Unicode support (for most European code pages) for using with Windows Console.Multiple codepages from vgaxxx.fon windows font files were combined and vectorized into a single TrueType font.


  • Input - a flexible system of fonts designed specifically for code by David Jonathan Ross. It offers both monospaced and proportional fonts, all with a large range of widths, weights, and styles for richer code formatting.


Bitmap



  • Curtis Frees' Blog → My preferred monospace fonts - As a programmer and command-line enthusiast, I spend a lot of time looking at monospace fonts. For many years, I enjoyed using what has been for years a popular default: Bitstream Vera Sans Mono.A few months ago, I spent a great deal of time trying out different monospace fonts. Here, I’ll present a brief list of my favorites


  • https://github.com/Tecate/bitmap-fonts - A collection of monospaced bitmap fonts for X11, good for terminal use. These fonts were not created by me, the authors are listed below. Some of these fonts may be out of date. If something doesn't work check the archives file and see if there is a readme included with the font, or take a look at the creators website listed below.This repo is an attempt to catalog all existing bdf/pcf fonts.



  • Terminus - a clean, fixed width bitmap font, designed for long (8 and more hours per day) work with computers. Version 4.38 contains 879 characters, covers about 120 language sets and supports ISO8859-1/2/5/7/9/13/15/16, Paratype-PT154/PT254, KOI8-R/U/E/F, Esperanto, many IBM, Windows and Macintosh code pages, as well as the IBM VGA, vt100 and xterm pseudographic characters. The sizes present are 6x12, 8x14, 8x16, 10x18, 10x20, 11x22, 12x24, 14x28 and 16x32. The styles are normal and bold (except for 6x12), plus EGA/VGA-bold for 8x14 and 8x16.






  • ProFont - a small bitmap font which is absolutely great for programming. It was made for Macintosh computers, but now it's also available for Windows and Linux/UNIX X Windows.
    • bold letters touch (or merge..)


  • proggy_fonts - Monospaced Bitmap Programming Fonts. Each font only comes in one size that it looks good at. The ttf fonts should also be used at their intended point size as they are basically conversions of the pixel based bitmap versions. The fonts were optimized while coding in C or C++... for this reason, characters like the '*' were placed vertically centered, as '*' usually means dereference or multiply, but never 'to the power of' like in Fortran.



  • Silkscreen - a four member type family for your Web graphics created by Jason Kottke. Silkscreen, with both Mac and Windows versions, is free for personal and corporate use. There is more information about Silkscreen, including terms of use, in the FAQ below.




  • MonteCarlo is a bitmap font suitable for code editors. All the characters have the same width, which is ideal for alignment. It is loosely derived from the look of the Monaco screen font that was available on the old MacOS systems. Some changes have been made to make it easier to differentiate certain symbols.


  • The M+ OUTLINE FONTS are distributed with proportional Latin (4 variations), fixed-halfwidth Latin (3 variations) and fixed-fullwidth Japanese (2 Kana variations) character set. 7 weights from Thin to Black are included, but fixed-halfwidth Latin with 5 weights from Thin to Bold.


















  • unscii - a set of bitmapped Unicode fonts based on classic system fonts. Unscii attempts to support character cell art well while also being suitable for terminal and programming use. [26] [27]


  • Unicode VGA - a Unicode VGA font for X11 and console. It is primarily intended to be the single source of fonts for console and for XDosEmu. The font (u_vga16) is distributed in BDF format, and can be used in X11 as is. For use on console, the bdf2psf.pl script is included, which performs (BDF+SFM)->PSF conversion, using .sfm file as encoding table.


  • Char8.js - 8-bit Unicode Character Generator. General purpose 8-bit characters for the 21st century.










Modernist/techno


  • The Mystery Font That Took Over New York - The New York Times - Choc is far from the most popular typeface on the storefronts of New York, but it can still be found everywhere and in every borough. It’s strewn on fabric awnings and etched in frosted glass. It gleams in bright magenta or platinum lighting. It’s used for beauty salons, Mexican restaurants, laundromats, bagel shops, numerous sushi bars. It may be distorted, stacked vertically, or shoehorned into a cluster of other typefaces. But even here Choc remains clear and articulate, its voice deep and friendly, its accent foreign, perhaps, yet endearing. [31]



  • Optician Sans - A free font based on the historical eye charts and optotypes used by opticians world wide. [32]


  • "DSEG": 7-segment and 14-segment free fonts - a free font family, which imitate seven and fourteen segment display(7SEG,14SEG). DSEG have special features: DSEG includes the roman-alphabet and symbol glyphs. More than 50 types are available. True type font(*.ttf) and Web Open Type File Format (*.woff, *.woff2) are in a package. DSEG is licensed under the SIL Open Font License 1.1.


  • https://github.com/polarsys/b612 - an highly legible open source font family designed and tested to be used on aircraft cockpit screens.Main characteristics are:Maximize the distance between the forms of the charactersRespect the primitives of the different lettersHarmonize the forms and their spacing


Cursive

Arabic

Other



Comic

  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comic_Sans - a sans-serif casual script typeface designed by Vincent Connare and released in 1994 by Microsoft Corporation. It is a casual, non-connecting script inspired by comic book lettering, intended for use in informal documents and children's materials. The typeface has been supplied with Microsoft Windows since the introduction of Windows 95, initially as a supplemental font in the Windows Plus Pack and later in Microsoft Comic Chat. Describing it, Microsoft has explained that "this casual but legible face has proved very popular with a wide variety of people." The typeface's widespread use, often in situations for which it was not intended, has been criticized.



  • Get Comic Neue - Comic Sans wasn’t designed to be the world’s most ubiquitous casual typeface1. Comic Neue aspires to be the casual script choice for everyone including the typographically savvy. The squashed, wonky, and weird glyphs of Comic Sans have been beaten into shape while maintaining the honesty that made Comic Sans so popular. It's perfect as a display face, for marking up comments, and writing passive aggressive office memos. [39] [40]


Emoji








to sort


Microsoft

IBM

Single line / vector



Fonts


*nix

To install fonts system-wide (available for all users), move the folder to the /usr/share/fonts/ directory. To install fonts for only a single user, use ~/.fonts/ instead.

Then update the fontconfig font cache: 

fc-cache -vf



Creating

  • FontForge - An outline font editor that lets you create your own postscript, truetype, opentype, cid-keyed, multi-master, cff, svg and bitmap (bdf, FON, NFNT) fonts, or edit existing ones. Also lets you convert one format to another.



  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metafont - a description language used to define raster fonts. It is also the name of the interpreter that executes Metafont code, generating the bitmap fonts that can be embedded into e.g. PostScript. Metafont was devised by Donald Knuth as a companion to his TeX typesetting system.O ne of the characteristics of Metafont is that the points defining the shapes of the glyphs—for example top of a stem, or intersection of a stem and crossbar—are defined with geometrical equations. Another characteristic is that Metafont is a macro language, where operations such as "draw a lower case top of stem serif at point 4" might appear as one macro instruction (with the point as argument) in the program for a letter. For describing shapes, Metafont has a rich set of path construction operations that mostly relieves the user of having to calculate control points. Finally, many families of Metafont fonts are set up so that the main source file for a font only defines a small number of design parameters (x-height, em width, slant, vertical stroke width, etc.), then calling a separate source file common for a whole range of fonts to actually draw the individual glyphs; this is the meta aspect of the system.


Management


Fontmatrix

  • https://github.com/fontmatrix/fontmatrix - a font manager for Linux desktop environments. It can manage fonts installed system-wide or for individual user accounts. It relies on FreeType to render font samples, and on Qt for its user interface. Bruce Byfield hailed the creation of Fontmatrix with an article concluding with: "Finally, the long wait for a GNU/Linux font manager is ending." Fontmatrix lets users label a font with multiple tags (similar to Gmail labels), which may be activated or deactivated as sets. It also allows the user to toggle features of OpenType fonts for testing purposes. As of November 2008, the PANOSE classification present in fonts may also be used to select them by similarity.


Fontmatrix

  • GTK+ Font Manager - intended to provide a way for average users to easily manage desktop fonts, without having to resort to command line tools or editing configuration files by hand. While designed primarily with the Gnome Desktop Environment in mind, it should work well with other Gtk+ desktop environments.Font Manager is NOT a professional-grade font management solution.


Opcion


to sort





  • https://github.com/fonttools/fonttools - a library for manipulating fonts, written in Python. The project includes the TTX tool, that can convert TrueType and OpenType fonts to and from an XML text format, which is also called TTX. It supports TrueType, OpenType, AFM and to an extent Type 1 and some Mac-specific formats. The project has an MIT open-source licence.









  • https://github.com/sdushantha/fontpreview - a commandline tool that lets you quickly search for fonts that are installed on your machine and preview them. The fuzzy search feature is provided by fzf and the preview is generated with imagemagick and then displayed using sxiv. This tool is highly customizable, almost all of the variables in this tool can be changed using the commandline flags or you can configure them using environment variables.


Web




Font stack

Ampersand





Canvas

  • https://github.com/cmiscm/leonsans - a geometric sans-serif typeface made with code in 2019 by Jongmin Kim. It allows to change font weight dynamically and to create custom animations, effects or shapes in the Canvas element of HTML5. He designed the font to celebrate his newborn baby Leon.


Windows

Repos and foundries

Places with lots of free (and other) fonts. To be categorised.




Large repos

foundry;

Smaller collections

Web fonts

@font-face {
  font-family: 'Font Name';
  src: url('library/fonts/font-name.eot');
  src: url('library/fonts/font-name.eot?#iefix') format('embedded-opentype'),
  url('library/fonts/font-name.woff') format('woff'),
  url('library/fonts/font-name.ttf') format('truetype'),
  url('library/fonts/font-name.svg#font-name') format('svg');
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: normal;
}

License

Repos, etc.

Tools

  • Fontue is a Rack-based, open-source, web font server built for Kernest.com



Kerning

Webfont icons

See also Graphics#Icons

Guides

Sets

You should be using a generator tool or service to save on font file size for production.

  • GlyphSearch - Search for icons from Font Awesome, Glyphicons, IcoMoon, and Ionicons
  • Modern Pictograms is a typeface for interface designers and programmers. Designed in early 2011 for the Flatfile Wordpress theme, the pictograms stay sharp when used large or small. OpenType file for mockups or drop in the @font-face code into your CSS. Designed to work on web sites at sizes down to 18 pixels, but best at higher than 24 pixels.
  • iconmonstr - Free simple icons for your next project.
  • Meteocons is a set of weather icons, it containing 40+ icons available in PSD, CSH, EPS, SVG, Desktop font and Web font. All icon and updates are free and always will be.
  • Typicons are free-to-use vector icons embedded in a webfont kit for easy use in your UI, whether it be on the web or in a native application.
  • The Noun Project is building a global visual language that everyone can understand. We want to enable our users to visually communicate anything to anyone.
  • Batch - A lovingly designed and crafted suite of 300+ icons for web and user interface design. Each icon in the Batch PSD is a single shape layer, meaning they can be scaled up—or down—without loss of quality. The download includes the Batch PSD, SVGs (128x128) and PNGs (16x16, 32x32, 64x64).

$;

Tools

Generators

  • Fontello - icon fonts generator
  • IcoMoon - Crowse and select icons to download them or make a font. You can import SVG images or fonts

See also HTML/CSS#Buttons

Support

Crossbrowser

CSS

Examples

Colour


Responsive

vw, vh, vmin: ie and chrome, fallback with fittext.js

Units

Set p size first or use 100% for the usual browser default (16px). 

font-size: 62.5%;
  set 1em equal to 10px

The em unit is relative to the font-size of the parent, which causes the compounding issue. The rem unit is relative to the root—or the html—element. That means that we can define a single font size on the html element and define all rem units to be a percentage of that.

Scale

  • traditional scale (6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18, 21, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72)
  • Fibonacci sequence (e.g. 16 – 24 – 40 – 64 – 104)

copy font size

  • x1.5 line height
  • x27.8 line length

Kerning

Framework

Symbols

  • Umap - places unicode characters into the clipboard.


Art

See also Smiley



  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Box-drawing_character - also known as line-drawing characters, are a form of semigraphics widely used in text user interfaces to draw various geometric frames and boxes. In graphical user interfaces, these characters are much less useful as it is more simple and appropriate to draw lines and rectangles directly with graphical APIs. Box-drawing characters work only with monospaced fonts; however, they are still useful for plaintext comments on websites.Used along with box-drawing characters are block elements, shade characters, and terminal graphic characters. These can be used for filling regions of the screen and portraying drop shadows.


  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Box_Drawing - a Unicode block containing characters for compatibility with legacy graphics standards that contained characters for making bordered charts and tables, i.e. box-drawing characters.
  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_Elements - a Unicode block containing square block symbols of various fill and shading. Used along with block elements are box-drawing characters, shade characters, and terminal graphic characters. These can be used for filling regions of the screen and portraying drop shadows.









  • REXPaint - a powerful and user-friendly ASCII art editor. Use a wide variety of tools to create ANSI block/line art, roguelike mockups and maps, UI layouts, and for other game development needs. Originally an in-house dev tool used by Grid Sage Games for traditional roguelike development, this software has been made available to other developers and artists free of charge. While core functionality and tons of features already exist, occasional updates are known to happen. Unlock your retro potential; join thousands of other REXPaint users today :D [60]

ANSI

  • AnsiGo - ANSi to PNG converter in Go

Testing

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