Computer

General

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koomey%27s_law [1]

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PC_compatible

• The Obsolete Technology Website

• http://archive.is/4fJsx- computer diagram

• HDT (stands for Hardware Detection Tool) is a Syslinux com32 module that displays low-level information for any x86 compatible system. It provides both a command line interface and a semi-graphical menu mode for browsing.

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_mode

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_computing_hardware - good luck

• https://deskthority.net/wiki/Main_Page

Resources

• http://www.2600.com/

• How to fix yellowed plastics on old computers!

• http://hackaday.com/

News and reviews

• http://www.techpowerup.com/

• http://www.anandtech.com/

• http://www.tomshardware.co.uk/

• http://www.cdrinfo.com/

• http://armdevices.net/

• http://thewirecutter.com/

Shopping

• http://www.logicalincrements.com/

• http://pcpartpicker.com/

• http://www.aliexpress.com/

Comparison

• http://uk.pangoly.com/en/ [2]

• http://www.game-debate.com/hardware/

• http://www.cnet.com/
  • hard drive size filter (was?) 1Tb max

Notes

• Core I7-4790K 4-Core 4.0GHz
• 2x PCI-E 3.0

Linux

See *nix, *nix#Hardware

cat /proc/cpuinfo

lspci

lsusb

dmidecode

Small computer

See also Network#Hardware 2

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_computing_hardware

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-board_computer
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_single-board_computers

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-board_microcontroller

• http://www.raspberrypi.org/
• http://n-o-d-e.net/post/107977286006/how-to-create-a-handheld-linux-terminal

• https://omnia.turris.cz/en/ [3]

• http://mozopenhard.mozillafactory.org/ [4]

• http://janos.io/

• https://getocean.io/ [5]

• http://sensor.cs.washington.edu/WISP.html [6]

Arduino

• http://arduino.cc/
• http://forefront.io/a/beginners-guide-to-arduino

PC form factor

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_form_factor

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATX

• http://www.open-mpi.org/projects/hwloc

Case

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_case

Small form factor

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mini_ATX

• https://smallformfactor.net/

Portable

• https://github.com/OceanographyforEveryone/BeagleBox

Secure

• https://www.crowdsupply.com/design-shift/orwl [7]

Power

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_supply_unit_(computer)

• 600w +

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molex_connector

Motherboard

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherboard - (sometimes alternatively known as the mainboard, system board, baseboard, planar board or logic board, or colloquially, a mobo) is the main printed circuit board (PCB) found in general purpose microcomputers and other expandable systems. It holds and allows communication between many of the crucial electronic components of a system, such as the central processing unit (CPU) and memory, and provides connectors for other peripherals. Unlike a backplane, a motherboard usually contains significant sub-systems such as the central processor, the chipset's input/output and memory controllers, interface connectors, and other components integrated for general purpose use.

Motherboard specifically refers to a PCB with expansion capability and as the name suggests, this board is often referred to as the "mother" of all components attached to it, which often include peripherals, interface cards, and daughtercards: sound cards, video cards, network cards, hard drives, or other forms of persistent storage; TV tuner cards, cards providing extra USB or FireWire slots and a variety of other custom components. Similarly, the term mainboard is applied to devices with a single board and no additional expansions or capability, such as controlling boards in laser printers, televisions, washing machines and other embedded systems with limited expansion abilities.

BIOS

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS

• https://kb.wisc.edu/page.php?id=58779

• http://soggi.eu/motherboards/bios-update-utilities.htm

• https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Flashing_BIOS_from_Linux

• https://github.com/dell/biosdisk

• https://www.flashrom.org/Flashrom

• https://en.opensuse.org/Biosflash

• http://www.coreboot.org/Supported_Motherboards

• http://www.computerhope.com/beep.htm

• http://www.kroah.com/log/blog/2013/09/02/booting-a-self-signed-linux-kernel/

• http://blog.theincredibleholk.org/blog/2013/11/18/booting-to-rust/

CPU

See Computing

• http://www.cpubenchmark.net/
• http://www.primatelabs.com/geekbench/

• http://techreport.com/articles.x/23246

• http://opencores.org/or1k/Main_Page

Memory

• http://www.edn.com/design/pc-board/4432676/DDR4-memory-interface--Solving-PCB-design-challenges

• http://danluu.com/clwb-pcommit/ [8]

• https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8788016

Bus /interface

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_(computing)

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-side_bus

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northbridge_(computing)

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southbridge_(computing)

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SBus

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_Management_Bus

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_interface

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expansion_card

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_interface_device

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host_controller_interface_(USB,_Firewire)

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Plug_and_Play

RS232

• http://biosrhythm.com/?page_id=1453

SCSI

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCSI

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_SCSI

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/iSCSI

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_Attached_SCSI - SAS

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_Attached_SCSI

• http://sg.danny.cz/sg/

/dev/bsg

PATA

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_ATA

SATA

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA

PCI

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_Component_Interconnect

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCI_configuration_space

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCI_Express - PCIe

• lspci is a utility for displaying information about PCI buses in the system and devices connected to them.

• http://linux.die.net/man/8/update-pciids
  • http://pciids.sourceforge.net/

USB

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB#Device_classes

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_human_interface_device_class

• https://www.mixdown.ca/redmine/projects/picjug/wiki/Home

• https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/usb/usbmon.txt

• http://blog.gimx.fr/serialusb/ [9]

• https://github.com/matlo/serialusb

• http://gimx.fr/wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page

• http://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/18552/why-was-mini-usb-deprecated-in-favor-of-micro-usb

• http://www.everythingusb.com/highpoint-rocketu-1144a-usb-3.0-pci-express-21274.html
  • http://www.highpoint-tech.com/USA_new/cs-series_RocketU1144A-Series.htm

• http://int3.cc/collections/frontpage/products/usbcondoms

• http://imgur.com/a/ktY9u

• https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8215429

• http://samy.pl/usbdriveby/ [10]

• https://www.pjrc.com/teensy/

• http://hackaday.com/2014/12/21/plug-into-usb-get-a-reverse-shell/

• http://pid.codes/ [11]

• http://recode.net/2016/01/20/the-promise-and-confusion-of-usb-type-c/ [12]

MTP

• http://www.adebenham.com/mtpfs/

• http://gmtp.sourceforge.net/

IEEE 1394 / Firewire

lsmod | egrep 'firewire|1394'

• https://ieee1394.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Utilities

• http://www.breaknenter.org/projects/inception/

• dvgrab is a program that captures DV video and audio data from digital camcorders via an IEEE1394 link. The DV data is stored in one or several files and can later be processed by video editing software. dvgrab can remote control the camcorder but it does not show the video's content on screen.

dvgrab --size 500 --autosplit <filename>

interactive mode;

dvgrab -i

live view;

dvgrab - | mplayer -

• http://dvgrabgui.sourceforge.net/en/main.html

Bluetooth

• https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Bluetooth
• https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Bluetooth_Mouse

• http://www.bluez.org/

• http://linuxcommand.org/man_pages/hcitool1.html

• http://stackoverflow.com/questions/12338621/a2dp-sink-without-pulseaudio - audio streaming

M.2

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.2

• http://lists.dragonflybsd.org/pipermail/users/2017-March/313261.html

InfiniBand

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InfiniBand

Other

• https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11839690 - DB-19

• https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=13518473 - PCMCIA

Input

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input_device

• deskthority wiki is dedicated to mechanical keyboards, mice and other human interface devices. The main focus is everything regarding quality (mechanical) keyboards. In the nature of a wiki, the content will be frequently and constantly under construction. Want to share your knowledge and help us create the best input device wiki? This wiki is part of the deskthority forum - sign in with your forum account and start editing!

Mouse

• https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Mouse_acceleration

• http://spritesmods.com/?art=mouseeye

Trackpad

• https://github.com/JoseExposito/touchegg

Keyboard

• http://techreport.com/articles.x/23405
• http://www.reddit.com/r/vim/comments/wcgb0/mechanical_keyboards/
• http://keyboardporn.com/mx-switch/kbc-poker/
• http://geekhack.org/

• http://hackaday.com/2016/03/15/the-origin-of-qwerty/ [13]

• http://www.keybr.com/#!practice

• http://mkweb.bcgsc.ca/carpalx/?full_optimization

• http://mathematicalmulticore.wordpress.com/the-keyboard-layout-project/
• http://zackshapiro.com/post/37569825579/im-trying-to-be-less-hyperbolic

• http://xahlee.info/kbd/keyboard_hardware_and_key_choices.html

• https://github.com/plover/plover
  • http://stenoknight.com/wiki/Main_Page

• http://www.openstenoproject.org [14]

• http://www.loper-os.org/?p=861
  • https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8510409

• http://i.imgur.com/FLfT9F1.jpg

• http://www.workmanlayout.com/blog/ [15]

• http://www.robopeak.com/blog/?p=282 - diy laser keyboard

• http://deskthority.net/wiki/ErgoDox

• http://www.davecooper.org/blog/2014/10/15/i-built-a-keyboard/ [16]

• http://samy.pl/keysweeper/ [17]

• https://evoluent.com/products/kb1/

• http://sangaline.com/blog/optimizing_for_swype/ [18]

• https://github.com/JuliusSweetland/OptiKey [19]

• https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11399072

• http://www.loper-os.org/?p=861 [20]

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chorded_keyboard

• http://cuddlepuddle.org/~adam/pickey/ - ps2

• http://symlink.dk/projects/spiffchorder/

• https://github.com/pib/gkos

• https://github.com/clc/chorder

• http://software-lab.de/penti.html
  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z_01ha1uS6Y

• https://lobste.rs/s/2ulhfw/carpalx_keyboard_layout_optimizer

Scanner

• http://gscan2pdf.sourceforge.net/

• https://github.com/danielquinn/paperless [21]

• https://github.com/jflesch/paperwork/ [22]

Infrared

• http://www.hifi-remote.com/

• http://www.usb.org/developers/hidpage/ - pdf
• http://www.freebsddiary.org/APC/usb_hid_usages.php - hex
• http://www.kvazi-k700i.narod.ru/info_hid.html - hex and decimal

• https://source.android.com/devices/input/keyboard-devices.html

Flirc

• https://flirc.tv - Flirc USB learns from any remote control, not caring about different vendor protocols. Just walk through the super simple setup - pairing individual remote buttons with 'Media Centre Buttons' and you're done. It's basically a universal IR receiver, so can be used with any remote you choose, old, new or Universal! The best part about FLIRC is that it can be used to mimic a keyboard so every media center application understands it without any drivers. FLIRC runs across all platforms, Mac, Linux, and Windows.

• https://flirc.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/203688495-Using-Command-Line-with-Flirc

• https://flirc.gitbooks.io/flirc-instructions/content/command-line-interface-guide/commands.html

• https://github.com/kowalcj0/diy-nap/blob/master/README.md

• http://forum.flirc.tv/index.php?/topic/1462-flirc-with-android-tv/

• https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/flirc-bin/

Wii Remote

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wii_Remote - known colloquially as the Wiimote, is the primary controller for Nintendo's Wii console. A main feature of the Wii Remote is its motion sensing capability, which allows the user to interact with and manipulate items on screen via gesture recognition and pointing through the use of accelerometer and optical sensor technology. Another feature is its expandability through the use of attachments. The attachment bundled with the Wii console is the Nunchuk, which complements the Wii Remote by providing functions similar to those in gamepad controllers.

• https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Wiimote

Output

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Output_device

See also *nix#Printing

Video card

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_card

• https://github.com/mntmn/amiga2000-gfxcard - MNT VA2000, an Open Source Amiga Graphics Card (Zorro II/III), written in Verilog [23]

• http://www.free3d.org/ - 3D Graphics hardware performance using Free Software drivers (X.Org DRI)

Connectors

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VGA_connector

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Visual_Interface

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDMI

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DisplayPort

Monitor

• http://www.extremetech.com/computing/130605-where-are-all-the-high-resolution-desktop-displays

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VESA_Display_Power_Management_Signaling - DPMS

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_display_identification_data - EDID
• http://www.polypux.org/projects/read-edid/

• http://web.media.mit.edu/~mhirsch/byo3d/tutorial/lenticular.html [24]

• Pective - display the actual size of any item right on your monitor. All you have to do is specify your monitor size, and Pective will display the image life-size!

Display

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Display_device

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_display_technology

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_display
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dot_matrix_display

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourteen-segment_display
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixteen-segment_display

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LT7nj2Rl4kU
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dqehSmfWK1o
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CMBtZh7suvU
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tS8tK9AS6WE - cgi

diy;

• http://blog.makezine.com/2012/07/18/super-fast-electromagnetic-flip-dot-display/
• http://forums.adafruit.com/viewtopic.php?f=8&p=113228
• http://www.designboom.com/technology/interactive-high-speed-flip-dot-display-by-breakfast/

• http://coldattic.info/shvedsky/pro/blogs/a-foo-walks-into-a-bar/posts/98

vga to d-tv;

• http://bellard.org/dvbt/

• https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8793346

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid-crystal_display

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_LCD

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OLED

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMOLED

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FreeSync - an adaptive sync technology initially developed by AMD in response to NVidia's G-Sync for LCD displays that reduces screen tearing. FreeSync is royalty-free, free to use, and has no performance penalty. As of 2015, VESA has adopted FreeSync as an optional component of the DisplayPort 1.2a specification. FreeSync has a dynamic refresh rate range of 9-240Hz.

Laser

• https://marcan.st/projects/openlase/

3D printing

• http://www.3ders.org/index.html

• http://www.amandaghassaei.com/3D_printed_record.html

• http://www.appropedia.org/Open-source_metal_3-D_printer

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MU3W-RrJDT4

• https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8527845

Storage

See also Media#CD_.2F_DVD

• https://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=2874238 [25]

HDD

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_hard_disk_drives

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibi-#Specific_units_of_IEC_60027-2_A.2_and_ISO.2FIEC_80000

• http://forre.st/storage - Storage Analysis - GB/$ (New Egg) for different sizes and media

• http://blog.backblaze.com/2014/01/21/what-hard-drive-should-i-buy/ [26]

• Hard disk hacking

• https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11370840

• https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=12959457

SMART

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S.M.A.R.T.

• smartmontools - contains two utility programs (smartctl and smartd) to control and monitor storage systems using the Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology System (SMART) built into most modern ATA and SCSI harddisks. In many cases, these utilities will provide advanced warning of disk degradation and failure.

• http://sourceforge.net/apps/trac/smartmontools/wiki smartmontools contains utility programs (smartctl, smartd) to control/monitor storage systems using the Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology System (S.M.A.R.T.) built into most modern ATA and SCSI disks. It is derived from smartsuite.

• http://gsmartcontrol.sourceforge.net/home/

• https://www.backblaze.com/blog/what-smart-stats-indicate-hard-drive-failures/ [27]

Failure

• Predicting Hard Drive Failures with SMART Stats [28]

• What is the Best Hard Drive? - The table below shows the annual failure rate through the year 2014. Only models where we have 45 or more drives are shown. I chose 45 (2014) because that’s the number of drives in a Backblaze Storage Pod and it’s usually enough drives to start getting a meaningful failure rate if they’ve been running for a while. Go HGST.
• PDF: Failure Trends in a Large Disk Drive Population

RAID

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAID

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_RAID_levels

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-standard_RAID_levels

• https://blogs.oracle.com/ahl/entry/what_is_raid_z - zfs

• unRAID is an embedded Network Attached Storage (NAS) server operating system, designed for digital media storage. It allows you to build an array of hard drives and share the data from those drives across the local network (typically within a house or business). Importantly, it protects all the data on the drives if one should fail.

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mdadm

SSD

Great for boot/os drive.

• http://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=2385276

• http://nlug.ml1.co.uk/2011/09/howto-hdd-and-ssd-alignment/608

• http://bcache.evilpiepirate.org/

• http://articles.forensicfocus.com/2012/10/23/why-ssd-drives-destroy-court-evidence-and-what-can-be-done-about-it/

• http://lkcl.net/reports/ssd_analysis.html

• Velocity 2011: Artur Bergman, "Artur on SSD's"

• https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9052925

• https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10764556

NAS

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network-attached_storage

• http://etbe.coker.com.au/2012/03/23/cheap-nas-devices-suck/

• http://www.reddit.com/r/buildapc/comments/19pduc/build_complete_unraid_20tb_nas_large_aic/

• https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8249052

Tape

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_Tape-Open

Blu-ray

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blu-ray_Disc_recordable

SD/MicroSD cards

• http://www.bunniestudios.com/blog/?p=3554

Floppy

• http://www.linusakesson.net/programming/gcr-decoding/index.php

To sort

• http://plan9.bell-labs.com/sys/doc/venti/venti.html

• http://www.sciencealert.com.au/news/20140309-26116.html [29]

Media

See also Audio, Video, Streaming

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Plug_and_Play

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Living_Network_Alliance

• http://superuser.com/questions/226636/what-is-the-difference-between-dlna-and-upnp

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Television_placeshifting_technology

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDHomeRun

MP3

• Rockbox is a free replacement firmware for digital music players. It runs on a wide range of players:

• gtkpod is a graphical user interface for the Apple iPod for Unix-like systems, written using the GTK+ toolkit.
  • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gtkpod

pcskr

• https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=117309

Laptop

• http://makezine.com/magazine/building-an-open-source-laptop/ [30]

• http://ktgee.net/post/49423737148/thinkpad-guide [31]

Cast

• https://github.com/googlecast/

• https://developers.google.com/cast/

• http://mkchromecast.com/

• https://github.com/xat/castnow

Mobile

• http://tombh.co.uk/when-your-screen-breaks-in-the-himalayas

Wearable

• https://techcrunch.com/2016/11/15/spectascobles/ [32]

"People love exclusivity, but with an air of egalitarianism."

Mirror

• https://magicmirror.builders/

Sensor

• http://wa8.gl/

Emulation

See also Virtualisation

• http://simh.trailing-edge.com/
  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIMH

• http://bochs.sourceforge.net/ Bochs is a highly portable open source IA-32 (x86) PC emulator written in C++, that runs on most popular platforms. It includes emulation of the Intel x86 CPU, common I/O devices, and a custom BIOS. Bochs can be compiled to emulate many different x86 CPUs, from early 386 to the most recent x86-64 Intel and AMD processors which may even not reached the market yet.

Bochs is capable of running most Operating Systems inside the emulation including Linux, DOS or Microsoft Windows. Bochs was originally written by Kevin Lawton and is currently maintained by this project. Bochs can be compiled and used in a variety of modes, some which are still in development. The 'typical' use of bochs is to provide complete x86 PC emulation, including the x86 processor, hardware devices, and memory. This allows you to run OS's and software within the emulator on your workstation, much like you have a machine inside of a machine. For instance, let's say your workstation is a Unix/X11 workstation, but you want to run Win'95 applications. Bochs will allow you to run Win 95 and associated software on your Unix/X11 workstation, displaying a window on your workstation, simulating a monitor on a PC.

• https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8794033

• http://www.hampa.ch/pce/about.html

• https://jamesfriend.com.au/pce-js/
  • https://jamesfriend.com.au/why-port-emulators-browser